INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXXV 



species enumerated in this volume, the exact habits of which I have 

 failed to ascertain, may in reality be attached to the modern fir- woods, 

 I have not satisfied myself of more than six which I can regard as 

 unmistakeably peculiar to those localities. They are as follows : 

 Hylurgus ligniperda and destruens, Pissodes notatus, Oxypleurus 

 Bewickii, Criocephalus rusticus, and Cocdnella Andersoni, three of 

 which occur in higher latitudes, whilst it is doubtful whether even 

 the remainder (namely Hylurgus destruens, Oxypleurus BewicJcii, 

 and Cocdnella Andersoni) are more than geographical phases of or- 

 dinary European forms. In the Canaries, on the other hand, where 

 the Finals were both primeval and vast, there is of course a larger 

 fauna attendant upon the pines ; nevertheless even there, although 

 the individuals are occasionally very numerous, the number of species 

 appears to be small in proportion to the extent and magnificence of 

 the regions which they inhabit, a fact which will at once be ad- 

 mitted when I mention that only 18 species have yet been brought 

 to light of strictly pine-infesting propensities. The following are 

 the species to which I allude : 



Rhizophagus pinetorum. Hylurgus piniperda. 



subopacus. Hylastes Lowei. 



Temnochila pini. Syntomocerus crassicornis. 



Lipaspis pinicola. Rhyncolus crassirostris. 



Aulonium sulcicolle. Brachyderes rugatus. 



Buprestis Bertheloti. sculpturatus. 



Dinoderus brunneus. Oxypleurus pinicola. 



Tomicus nobilis. Criocephalus rusticus. 



Crypturgus concolor. Hypophlosus pini. 



Of the above 18 species, detected in the Canaries, two only (Hy- 

 lurgus ligniperda and Criocephalus rusticus} have been met with in 

 the Madeiras likewise ; and since, moreover, out of the 8 captured in 

 the latter Group there are four (namely Hylurgus destruens, Pissodes 

 notatus, Oxypleurus Bewickii, and Cocdnella Andersoni} which have 

 not been observed hitherto in the former, it follows that the species 

 of exclusively pine- infesting habits which have yet been brought to 

 light in these numerous Atlantic islands combined amount to only 22. 

 There are doubtless certain others which are much attached, or par- 

 tial, to the pine-districts, but which can hardly be looked upon as 

 dependent (directly) upon the trees themselves. These, therefore, 

 could scarcely be defined as " pine-destroying ; " though perhaps 

 some few of them might have been mentioned as characteristic 

 (from some cause or other) of the regions in question. Such, for 



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