CARABINE. 31 



85. Calathus subfuscus. 



Calathus fuscus. Woll. [nee Fab.], Ins. Mad. 31 (1854). 

 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 12 (1857). 



Habitat Maderenses (Mad.), in montibus valde excelsis sub lapidibus 

 vulgaris. 



Occupies much the same position in Madeira proper (the only 

 island in which this Calathus has been detected) as the Canarian C. 

 ascendens does at Teneriffe abounding beneath stones on the ex- 

 posed mountain-slopes above the limits of even the sylvan districts, 

 and ascending thence to the very summits of the peaks *. 



86. Calathus complanatus. 



Calathus complanatus (Kollar), Dej., Spec. Gen. des Col. iii. 73 (1828). 



, Woll, Ins. Mad. 30 (1854). 



, Id., Cat. Mad. Col 11(1857). 



Habitat Maderenses (Mad., Chao, Des., Bugio}, ab ora maritima 

 usque ad summos montes ascendens. 



A most abundant Calathus in the Madeiran Group (to which it is 

 peculiar), teeming on every island except Porto Santo (where it is 

 represented by the fimbriatus) from the sea-level to the summits 

 of the peaks. It is decidedly a variable insect, presenting many 

 slight modifications according to the locality and altitude at which 



it is found. 



87. Calathus vividus. 



Carabus vividus, Fab., Syst. Eku. i. 194 (1801). 



, Schon., Syn. Ins. i. 199 (1806). 



Calathus vividus, Woll, Ins. Mad. 29 (1854). 

 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col 11 (1857). 



Habitat Maderenses ( Mad.}, in sylvaticis editioribus prsecipue degens. 



Apparently peculiar to Madeira proper, where, however, it is uni- 

 versal throughout the sylvan districts of intermediate and (more 

 especially) lofty elevations. 



* Although so closely resembling at first sight the European C. fuscus that I 

 have hitherto regarded it as a geographical modification of that insect, a recent 

 and more accurate comparison of this Madeiran Calathus has induced me to 

 believe that (after all) it is not absolutely conspecific with its more northern ally. 

 For not only does it differ in having its under-wings obsolete, but it is likewise 

 not quite the same even in its external features. Thus, its prothorax is rather 

 convexer and a little more equally rounded at the sides, with the extreme pos- 

 terior angles very decidedly obtuser or less sharply defined ; and the basal rim 

 of its elytra is not minutely-prominent at the humeral angles (so as to shape out 

 a small projecting denticle) as in that insect. Indeed the shape of its prothorax 

 is more on the type of that which obtains in the Teneriffan C. ascendens than in 

 the European fuscus : and I strongly suspect that its affinities are rather with the 

 former than with the latter. 



