178 APHODIAD^E. 



508. Aphodius rufus. 



Aphodius rufus, Illig., Mag. filr Ins. ii. 195 (1803). 



, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deutsch. Hi. 836 (1848). 



1 Woll., Ins. Mad. 224 (1854). 



} id., Cat. Mad. Col. 78 (1857). 



Habitat Maderenses (Mad.), prsecipue in inferioribus baud vulgaris. 



A European Aphodius which occurs, principally at low elevations, 

 in Madeira proper ; but it has not yet been detected in any of the 

 other islands. 



509. Aphodius lividus. 



Scarabams lividus, Oliv., Ent. i. 3. 86 (1789). 

 Aphodius lividus, Woll, Ins. Mad. 225 (1854). 



, Id,, Cat. Mad. Col 78 (1857). 



, Id., Cat. Can. Col 191 (1864). 



Habitat Maderenses (Mad., P to S to ) et Canarienses (Can., Ten., Gom,, 

 Palma}, late sed parce diffusus. 



The European A. lividus is very widely, though sparingly, distri- 

 buted over these islands, where most likely it will be found to be 

 almost universal, occurring principally at low and intermediate 

 elevations. It has been taken in Madeira proper and Porto Santo 

 as well as in Grand Canary, Teneriffe, Gomera, and Palma, of the 

 Canarian Group. It is an insect of a very extensive geographical 

 range, which it has doubtless acquired accidentally through human 

 agencies. I have captured it at Mogadore (on the opposite coast of 

 Morocco), and it was taken by Mr. Gray at the Cape de Verdes. 



510.. Aphodius Pedrosi. 



Aphodius Pedrosi, Woll, Im. Mad. 226 (1854). 

 f 2d., Cat. Mad. Col. 79 (1857). 



Habitat Maderenses (P to S to ), sublapide in arenosis inferioribus captus. 



The only specimen which I have seen of this rather insignificant 

 Aphodius was taken by myself (during 1848) from beneath a stone 

 in a low sandy spot, close to the Villa, in Porto Santo, of the 

 Madeiran Group. 



511. Aphodius granarius. 



Scarabseus granarius, Linn., Syst. Nat. i. ii. 547 (1767). 

 Aphodius carbonarius, Brulle, in Webb ct Berth. (Col.) 60 (1838). 

 granarius, Woll., Im. Mad. 226 (1854). 



