12 i AMI: 1. 1. ic.. I:\IA. [Onthophayu*. 



Female with the head more thickly and strongly punctured than in 

 the male, with two transverse keels, one between antennae and one 

 between eyes ; the thorax also is more strongly punctured than in the 

 male, and is strongly reflexed in front. 



In some of the males the horns are very short and straight, or even 

 almost wanting. 



In dung ; very rare and somewhat doubtfully indigenous ; Brockenhnrst and 

 Lyndhurst, New Forest (Stephens) ; Exmouth, rare (Parfitt's Devonshire Catalogue, 

 p. 68) ; the species is rather common in Jersey, and many of the specimens in our 

 collections come from that and the adjacent islands. 



O. nutans, F. (verticicornis, Laich). Black, dull, occasionally 

 with a greenish reflection on the vertex of the head and on thorax; head 

 varying in the sexes, antennae brown with blackish club ; thorax 

 thickly punctured, each puncture being flanked with a raised granule, 

 rather short, with anterior angles projecting; elytra with fine and 

 obsoletely punctured striae, interstices finely granulate ; legs black, tarsi 

 sometimes brownish. L. 7-8$ mm. 



Male with the head subtriangular, sparingly and finely punctured, 

 with the vertex produced into a broad plate which is continued into a 

 large flat curved horn ; thorax reflexed in front, strongly sinuate or 

 emarginate in middle of anterior margin. 



Female with the head rounder and more thickly and strongly punc- 

 tured, with two transverse carinae; thorax reflexed in front, depressed 

 on both sides, and produced in middle in the form of two tubercles. 



In the male the horns are sometimes more or less obsolete, and the 

 head shorter. 



In dung ; not common ; Chingford ; Walthamstow ; Bath (in some numbers in one 

 field only in May, R. Gillo) ; Swansea. 



O. ovatus, L. Much smaller than either of the preceding species, 

 black, dull, occasionally with a feeble metallic reflection on thorax ; head 

 rounded in front, with a raised margin which is slightly emarginate in 

 middle, rather diffusely punctured behind, more thickly in front ; thorax 

 short, rather thickly punctate-granulate, anterior angles blunt ; elytra 

 with obsolete and very feebly crenate striae, interstices granulate in 

 irregular rows ; legs black, tarsi sometimes pitchy. L. 4-4 mm. 



Male with a raised transverse .carina between eyes; female with two 

 carinse on head, of which the front one is curved; the latter is some- 

 times indicated in small specimens of the male. 



In dung, vegetable refuse, &c. ; generally distributed and common throughout the 

 London district and the south ; not so common in the Midlands and further north ; 

 Bewdley ; Church Stretton ; Bath ; Swansea ; Barmouth ; Repton ; Blackpool ; More- 

 cambe ; not recorded from the Northumberlund and Durham district ; Scotland, very 

 local, Forth district only ; it it probably local in Ireland. 



O. coenobita, Herbst. Head and thorax of a rather bright aeneous 

 green colour, or coppery, elytra of a rather brighter testaceous colour 

 than in the three following species, with the dark markings very indis- 



