42 LAMELLICOUNIA. [Geotrupca 



i. Form oblong oval ; striae on elytru stronger ; elytra 

 without distinct cross striation ; size larger. 



1. Elytra with seven stria) on each between suture 



and humeral prominence. 



A. Abdomen longitudinally smooth in middle, 



neither punctured nor pubescent G. SPINIOKH, Marsh. 



(stercorariut, Er.) 



B. Abdomen entirely (even in the middle) punc- 

 tured and pubescent Q. STERCOBABIUS, L. 



(putridarius, Er.) 



2. Elytra with nine striae on each between suture and 



humeral prominence Q. MUTATOR, Marsh. 



ii. Form short oval, subhemispherical ; stria; of elytra 

 feebler ; elytra with more or less distinct cross 

 striation, which is sometimes almost obsolete; size 

 smaller. 



1. Upper surface with sculpture more distinct ; thorax 



sparingly punctured G. SYLVATICC8, Panz. 



2. Upper surface with sculpture less distinct, as a rule 



very shiny. 



A. Thorax closely punctured throughout . . . . G. v EKN A u s, L. 



B. Thorax almost impunctate on disc, plainly 



punctured at sides G. PYBEN.STTS, Charp. 



G. Typhceus. L. {e.g. Typhoeus, Leach ; Minotaurus Typhoeus, 

 Muls.). Black, shining, rather depressed, with the under-side and legs 

 clothed with blackish hairs ; antennae black with cluh lighter ; man- 

 dibles rounded at sides, emarginate externally before apex and pointed ; 

 head diamond-shaped in front with a strong raised margin, and a more 

 or less defined longitudinal keel, sparingly punctured in male, rugose in 

 female ; thorax short, as broad as elytra, with the sides rounded ; elytra 

 with strong striae which are feebly punctured at their base, and become 

 finer towards sides and obsolete at apex ; legs black. L. 11-18 mm. 



Male with the thorax armed in front with three horns, of which the 

 outer two reach as far as the front of the head, and are somewhat curved, 

 and the intermediate one is much shorter and acuminate. 



Female with the thorax much more strongly punctured at sides than 

 in male, with two tubercles and a raised transverse ridge on its anterior 

 margin. 



In some males the horns are much abbreviated. 



Sandy places, under cow -dung ; somewhat local, but generally distributed from the 

 midland districts southwards ; rarer further north ; Liverpool district, rare, one 

 dead specimen found at Stourton (Gardner) ; Dunham Park, Manchester ; not 

 recorded from the extreme northern counties of England, or from Scotland ; Ireland, 

 near Dublin, Belfast, &c. 



G. spinig-er, Marsh, (stercorarius, Er., nee L. ; mesoleius, Thorns. ; 

 puncMcollis, Malin.). Oval, convex, black, not very shining, upper 

 surface without pubescence, under-side of a deep shining violet-blue 

 colour, sometimes greenish or coppery, clothed with shaggy pubescence 

 and punctured, with a smooth longitudinal space in centre, which is 

 neither punctured nor pubescent ; head triangular, rugose, with a raised 



