Ij)S.] CLAVICOKNIA. 2G1 



sphere and in temperate or cold climates ; representatives, however, have 

 been described from South Africa, Mexico, and Chili ; the species are 

 rather conspicuous insects, and are usually variegated with large reddish 

 or yellow spots on the elytra ; they are found at sap or under bark. 



The larva of Ips\ quadripunctata is described by Ferris, Larves des Coleopteres, 

 p. 43 ; it is almost linear, very little narrowed at the two extremities, of a yellowish- 

 white colour, somewhat coriaceous, with scarcely any pubescence ; the ninth segment 

 of the abdomen bears two short corneous cerci and a very short anal appendage ; tho 

 larva is very probably parasitic on Hylurgus. 

 I. Body oblong, more or less convex ; forehead 



smooth between antenna. 



i. Each elytron with two yellow spots, the one at 

 base formed of three confluent spots, the other 

 behind middle formed of two confluent spots, 



which are occasionally separated I. QITADRIGUTTATA, F. 



ii. Each elytron with two simple round or oval 



reddish spots I. Qu \DiilPTJNCTATA, ffe l bsi. 



IT. Body elongate, flat, parallel-sided; forehead 

 with more or less distinct furrows between 

 antenuge I. QTTADEIPUSTUIATA, /,. 



I. quadrigruttata, F. Oblong, shining black, rather convex, elytra 

 coloured as above described; occasionally the whole five spots are 

 separate : this variety is the Nitidula 10-guttata, Oliv. ; head large, 

 finely and sparingly punctured ; antennae reddish, with dark club ; thorax 

 transverse, feebly narrowed in front, rather diffusely punctured; elytra with 

 punctuation a little closer than on disc of thorax, apex entirely rounded 

 in males, pointed at suture in females ; the elytra show very weak 

 traces of longitudinal striae ; legs pitch-black with tarsi reddish. L. 

 3-5 mm. 



At sap, and under bark of oak and other trees ; occasionally in fungi ; local, but 

 not uncommon in several districts ; New Forest ; Dean Forest ; Devon ; Buddou 

 Wood, Leicester ; Needwood, Burton-on-Trent ; Sherwood Forest ; Ilipon ; Man- 

 Chester ; Northumberland district, rare ; not recorded from Scotland ; the species 

 appears to be chiefly attached to the oak. 



I. quadripunctata, Herbst. Larger, more convex, and more- 

 strongly punctured than the preceding, and easily distinguished by the 

 two simple orange-red spots on each elytron ; the apex of the elytra is 

 entirely rounded in both sexes ; in the males, as a rule, the head is 

 large, and the thorax somewhat broader than the elytra, so that the whole 

 body appears sometimes to be gradually narrowed from the front parts to 

 " the apex of elytra. L. 4-6 mm. 



At sap and under bark of oak, fir, birch, and other trees ; locally common ; Wey- 

 bridge, Caterham, Walton-on-Thames, Mickleham, Suubury, &c. ; New Forest ; 

 Dean Forest; Need wood; Repton ; Chat Moss; Knutsford ; Manchester, under oak 

 chips, where the trees have been recently cut down ; Northumberland district, not 

 uncommon ; Scotland, scarce, Solway, Tweed, Clyde, Tay, and Dee districts.. 



X. quadripustulata; L. Elongate, flat, parallel -sided, shining 



