238 BHYNOHOPHORA. [Lixina. 



II. Rostrum always longer than head; tibue without 



long raised hairs on their exterior margin. 

 i. Scrobes produced nearly to apex of rostrum ; rostrum 



uneven, thick and moderately long CLEONUS, Solwn. 



ii. Scrobes ceasing at a distance from apex of rostrum ; 

 rostrum rarely uneven, thick and sometimes long. 



1. Thorax oblong, evidently longer than broad ; body 



behind thorax cylindrical or fusiform Lixus, F. 



2. Thorax short, about as long as broad ; body be- 

 hind thorax oval or oblong-oval, not cylindrical . LARINUS, Germ, 



The larvae of Bliinocyllus and Larinus live in the heads of Composite; 

 the larvae of Cleonus are found at the roots of various plants, while those 

 of Lixus inhabit stems. 



RHINOCYXiIiUS, Germar. 



This genus comprises about half-a-dozen species which are all inha- 

 bitants of the Palearctic region ; our single species is found on various 

 members of the thistle tribe ; the larva undergoes its transformations 

 in the heads of the plants in which it feeds ; it is a robust greyish 

 insect, with the rostrum very short, about as long as broad, and the 

 tibiae with long raised hairs on their exterior margin. 



R. latirostris, Latr. (conicus, Froh. ; thaumatnrgus, Steph. ; 

 antiodontaljicus, Gerbi.). An oblong, rather robust, species, black, 

 clouded with ashy, more or less plainly tessellated, pubescence ; rostrum 

 very short and stout, about as long as head; antennae stout, pitchy; 

 thorax transverse, somewhat narrowed in front, closely and rather coarsely 

 and rugosely punctured, with long ashy pubescence ; elytra oblong, 

 broader at base than thorax, with the humeral callus rather well marked, 

 punctured striae fine but distinct, interstices closely sculptured ; legs 

 dark, pubescent. L. 4-6 mm. 



On various species of thistles; the larva lives in the heads of Carduus nutans, 

 various species of Cirsium. and also of Centaurea nigra ; local and usually rare ; 

 Faversham (in abundance, J. J. Walker) ; Canterbury (Power and Stephens) : 

 Shipley, near Horsham (once common, Gorham) ; coasts of' Sussex, Hants and Dorset ; 

 Rye, near Hastings ; Isle of Wight ; Portland and Weymouth, sometimes common 

 (Harris, Blatch, &c.). Walton records it as abundant on the south coast, but it is 

 very local ; the species seems to have been regarded as a specific for toothache ; 

 hence some of the long names that have been attached to it. 



CLEONUS, Schonherr (Mecaspis, Schonherr ; Botliynoderes, 

 Schonherr). 



The species belonging to this genus are of large or moderately large 

 size, robust, but elongate, and subparallel form, and very often exceed- 

 ingly handsomely variegated with shades of white and grey ; the 

 rostrum is stout, but always longer than the head, and uneven, with the 

 scrubes produced nearly to apex ; the eyes are depressed ; the thorax is 



