KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF CLASS I. 107 



3. Stamens borne on the calyx, or tvhere the calyx {when coherent) separates from the ovary. 



Petals many, in several rows. 



Shrubs with opposite simple leaves and dingy-purple flowers, Cakolina-Allspice F. 152 



Leafless fleshy plants, of singular shapes, Cactus F. 153 



Water-plants, with the large flowers and leaves floating on the surface, Water-Lily F. 120 



Petals 4 or 5, rarely 6. 



Leaves with stipules, alternate. Rose F. 146 



Leaves without stipules. Pods many-seeded. 



Style and stigma one. Pod surrounded by the free calyx, Lythrum F. 153 



Styles or stigmas 3 to 8. Calj'x coherent below with the ovary. 



Shrubs : leaves opposite. Pod with several cells. PhiladelphUs in Saxifrage F. 157 

 Herbs: leaves fleshy. Pod one-celled, opening by a lid, Purslane F. 130 



B. Stamens 10 or fewer. 



1. Corolla irregular. (Pistil one.) 



Leaves opposite, palmately compound. Calyx 5-toothed. Shrubs or trees, Horsechestnut F. 139 



Leaves alternate, with stipules. 



Filaments often united, but not the anthers. Two lower petals approaching or joined. 



Pod simple, with only one row of seeds. Pulse F. 141 



Filaments short: anthers 5, united. Lower petal with a sac or spur at the base. Pod 



with 3 rows of seeds on the walls, Violet F. 126 



Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flower generally 1-spurred or 2-spurred. 



Stamens 5, short; their anthers a little united. Pod bursting at the touch, Balsam F. 136 



Stamens 8, separate. Fruit of 3 thick and closed pieces, Indian-Cress F. 136 



Stamens 6, in two sets. Flower closed. Pod one-celled. Fumitory F. 123 



3. Corolla regular, or nearly so. 



Stamens just as many as the petals, and standing one before each of them. 

 Pistils more than one, and separate. Petals 6. Flowers dioecious, 

 Pistil with one ovary but with five separate styles, 

 Pistil and style one (the latter sometimes cleft at the summit). 

 Anthers opening by uplifted valves or doors. Petals 6 or 8, 

 Anthers not opening by valves, but lengthwise. 



Woody vines. Calyx minute : petals falling very early. 

 Shrubs. Calj'x larger, its divisions 4 or 5, 

 Herbs. Ovary and pod one-celled. 

 Sepals 2: petals 5: stigmas 3, 



Sepals as many as the petals: style single: stigma one. 

 Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or twice as many, or of some unequal number. 

 Calyx with its tube adherent to the surface of the ovary. 



Stamens 3, united with each other more or less. Flowers monoecious. Gourd F. 154 



Stamens distinct, as many or twice as many as the petals. 



8 



