POPULAR FLORA. 149 



Avens. Geiim. 

 Calyx bell-shaped or flattish, 5-cleft, and with 5 additional little lobes between. Petals 5. Stamens 

 many. Pistils many in a head, making akenes, which are tipped with the style, remaining as a long, 

 naked or hairy tail. Perennial herbs: flowers single or somewhat corymbed. — la all our common 

 species the style is jointed and hooked round in the middle. 



* Upper and mostly hairy joint of the style falling ofl', leaving the lower and smooth portion, which 

 remains hooked at the end: flowers rather small: root-leaves mostly interruptedly pinnate; stem- 

 leaves or lobes 3 to 5. Dry woods and fields. 



1. White Avens. Smoothish or downy ; petals white, as long as the calyx, akenes bristly. G. album. 



2. YiKGiNiAN A. Bristly-hairy, stouter than the last; petals greenish-white, shorter than the calyx ; 



akenes smooth. G. Virginianum. 



3. Yellow A. Rather hairy, large; petals yellow, longer than the calyx. G. slrictutA. 

 * * Upper joint of the style persistent and feathered with long hairs; flowers rather large, nodding. 



4. Wateu a. Root-leaves with a large and rounded-Iobed end-leaflet, and some very small ones 



below; stem-leaves few, 3-cleft or of 3 small leaflets; petals not spreading, somewhat notched at 

 the broad summit, purplish. — Wet banks of streams. G. riviile. 



Cinqiiefoil. Potentilla. 

 Calyx open or flat, 5-parted, and with 5 additional outside lobes alternate with the others, making 

 10. Petals 5. Stamens many. Pistils many in a head, on a dry receptacle, making seed-like akenes, 

 the styles falling ofl". 



* Leaves palmate. Herbs, with yellow flowers. 



1. NornvAY Cixquefoil. Erect, coarse, hairy; leaflets 3, obovate, cut-toothed. Fields. P. Norvegica. 



2. Canada C. Runner-like stems decumbent or spreading; leaflets 5, obovate-oblong; peduncles long, 



axillary, 1-flowered. Fields and banks. P. Canadensis. 



3. SiLVEur C. Low, with spreading branches, white-woolly, as are the 5 leaflets beneath. P. argmtea. 



* * Leaves pinnate. Herbs (except No. 5): receptacle of the fruit hair}'. 



4. SiLVEE-WEED. Creeping, sending up leaves of 9 to 19 cut-toothed leaflets, besides little ones inter- 



posed, silvery-white beneath, and single long-stalked yellow flowers. Wet banks, N. P. Anserina. 



5. SHKUfiBY C. Shrub very bushy, 2° to 4° high; leaflets 5 or 7, crowded near the end of the short 



footstalk, lance-oblong, entire, silky beneath ; flowers yellow. Bogs. P. fniticbsa. 



6. JL\r,sii C. Stems ascending from a scaly creeping base; leaflets 5 or 7, crowded, serrate, lance- 



oblong; flowers dull purple. Cold bogs, N. P.palmiris. 



Bramble. Ruhiis. 

 Calyx open, deeply 5-cleft. Petals 5. Pistils many; their ovaries ripening into little berry-like 

 grains (or rather t?;-i{/jeZe^s), making a kind of compound berry. — Rather shrubby or herbaceous pe- 

 rennials. 



§ 1. RASPBERRY. Fruit falling from the dry receptacle, usually with the grains lightly cohering. 

 * Leaves simple, lobed: flowers large and showy: petals spreading. 



1. Pur.PLE Flowering-Raspbekry. Bristly and clammy with odorous brownish glands ; leaves 



rounded, with 3 or 5 pointed lobes ; flowers in a corymb, rose-purple ; fruit flat. Rocky banks, 

 N. Fl. summer. R. odoraius. 



2. White Flowering-R. Like No. 1, but the flowers white and smaller. N. W. & cult. P. Nuthanus. 



