160 



POPULAR FLORA. 



4. SAnsAPAitiLLA A. Roots very long and slender, horizontal (used as a substitute for sarsaparilla); 

 the conipound long-stalked leaf, and the naked (iower-stalk bearing lew umbels, rising separately 

 from the ground. Moist woods. A. nudicauUs. 



Ginseng. Aralia, § Ginseng. 

 Styles 2 or 3. Flowers white. Berries red or reddish when ripe. Low herbs with simple stems, 

 bearing at the top a whorl of leaves and one long-stalked umbel. 



1. True Ginseng. Root long and large, warm-aromatic ; leaflets 5. Rich woods, N. A. ijuinqncfblia. 



2. DwAKF G. (or Groundnut). Root round, sharp-tasted; leaflets 3 or 5; stem 4' to 6' high. Damp 



woods, N. Fl. spring. A. trifblia. 



45. CORNEL FAMILY. Order COKNACE^. 

 Shrubs or trees (except our Dwart' Cornel), the calyx coherent with the ovarj-, which 

 makes a berry-like stone-fruit ; represented (except 

 by the Tupelo or PErPEKiDGE-TitEE, Ai/ssa, here 

 omitted) only by the genus 



1. Cornel (or Dogwood). Cornus. 

 Petals 4 and stamens 4, on the ovary. Teeth of the calyx 

 4, very small. Style 1. Ovary 2-celled, in fruit berry-like 

 with a 2-seeded stone. Leaves entire, opposite, except in 

 No. 7. Flowers in spring or early summer. 



* Flowers greenish, in a head, which is surrounded by a 

 4-leaved involucre resembling a large white corolla ; 

 fruit bright red. 



1. Dwarf Cornel (or Bunchberry). Herb low, with 4 



or 6 leaves near the top. Damp woods. C. Canadensis. 



2. Flowering C. or Dogwood. Tree; leaves of the co- 



i-olla-like involucre obcordate. C.jldrida. 



* * Flowers white, in flat and open cymes: shrubs 



3. Round-leaved C. Branches greenish, warty-dotted ; 



leaves round-oval, woolly beneath ; fruit pale blue. 

 Woods. C. circinata. 



4. Silky C. Branches purple ; young stalks and lower 



side of the ovate or oblong leaves silky woolly ; fruit 

 pale blue. Swamps. C. sencea. 



5. Red-Osier C. Branches red-purple; leaves ovate, smooth, white and roughish beneath; fruit 



white. Wet banks of streams. C. stoloni/era. 



6. Panicled C. Branches gi'ay; leaves lance-ovate; cymes convex; fruit white. C. paniculata. 



7. Alternate-leaved C. Branches greenish streaked with white; leaves crowded at the ends of 



the shoots, but alternate ; leaves pointed; fruit bright blue. Hill-sides. C. alternifbUa. 



385. Dwarf Cornel. 386. A separate flower 

 enlarjrerl. 387 A fruit cut across. 



