1G6 



rOrULAU I'l-OKA. 



there arc five chalTy and pointed scales (Fig. 409). But more commonly the pappus con- 

 sists of bristles, or downy hairs (as its name denotes). Asters, Groundsels, and especially 



Thistles, afford most familiar examples of su(,'h a 

 hairy or downy pappus; those of Thistles, &c. 

 in autumn sailing about in every breeze. Fisr. 

 411 shows the very soft downy pappus of Sow- 

 Thistle. Fig. 410, that of the Dandelion; this is 

 raised upon a long beak to the akene, which 

 lengthens greatly after flowering. 



This family contains about an eighth or tenth 

 part of all Flowering plants. But it is too dilH- 

 404. Half of a heai! of (lowers of Coreopsis. cult for the bcginncr. So we here barely men- 



tion a few of the common plants which belong to it. 



Bay-flower, 



neutral. 



405. Slice of the same, enlarged, with one ray-flower, and part of another, and one perfect disk-flower (a), with its hract or chaff (6). 



1. Among those which have no ra}'s, or strap-shaped corollas, are Thistles, Burdock; 

 Everlasting/ and Cudweed, Wonmcood, Thoroiigliwort or 

 Eupatorium, Button- Sndkeroot, and Ironweed. 



2. With rays or strap-shaped corollas at the margin 

 (either neutral or pistillate), and tubular flowers in the 

 centre ; Coltsfoot, Aster, Fleabane, Daisy, Golden-rod, 

 Sunflower, Coreopsis, Mayioeed, Chamomile, ^c. 



3. With all the flowers strap-shaped and perfect (and 



406 407 408 409 410 411 



in this division the plants have a milky juice) : Cichory or Succory (Fig. 402), Salsify, 

 Haivkweed, Sow-thistle, Dandelion, and Lettuce. 



