204 POPULAR FLORA. 



KF.Y TO THE FAMILIES OR ORDERS OF CLASS IL 



I. Spadiceous Division. Flowers collected on a spadix (184), i. e. sessile and crowded in a spik« 



or head on a thickened axis, and with or without a spatlie or enwrapping bract (185). 



Trees or shrubs, with simple stems; the flowers having calyx and corolla, Palm Family, 205 



Herbs, the small and crowded flowers either naked or with a small perianth. 



Spadix surrounded by a large spathe: flowers generally naked: fruit a berry, ) 

 Spadix without a spathe: perianth of 6 pieces, ) Arum F. 205 



Spadix -without any proper spathe : perianth none: fruit an akene. Cat-tail F. 206 



Spadix (as it might be called) raised above a small spathe, covered with blue and 



tubular, 6-lobed flowers. Belongs to the next division, Pickerel-weed F. 208 



II. Petaloideous Division. Flowers not on a spadix and not enclosed by glumes or chaffy or scale- 



like bracts (as in Grasses and Sedges), but having a calyx and corolla, or a 6-leaved or 6-lobed 

 (rarely 4-leaved) perianth colored like a corolla. 



Perianth free from the ovarj', that is, inserted underneath the ovary, and 

 Of 3 green or greenish sepals and 3 distinct and colored petals. 



Pistils many, in a ring or a head, making akenes, Water-Plantain F. 206 



Pistil 1: styles or sessile stigmas 3. Leaves whorled, veiny, Trillium F. 206 



Pistil and slender stjde 1 : leaves alternate, parallel-veined, Spiderwort F. 207 



Of mostly 6 petal-like leaves in tw^o ranks, three outside and three inside, or else 6- 

 (rarely 4-) lobed, all colored alike. 

 Stamens only 3, or 6 and the three on one side of the flower much shorter than 



the rest, Pickerel-weed F. 208 



Stamens 6, or as many as the divisions of the perianth, all alike. 

 Anthers turned outwards, i. e. on the outer side of the filament. 



Leaves in v^'horls : flowers perfect: long stigmas 3, Indian Cucujiber-root, 207 

 Leaves alternate, and with side tendrils, netted-veined between the ribs: 



flowers dioecious: styles or sessile stigmas 3, Greenbrier F. 208 



Leaves alternate, without tendrils : flowers perfect or polygamous : styles 



3 or 3-cleft, Colchicum F. 209 



Anthers turned inwards, i. e. on the inner side of the filament : style 1 : 



stigmas 1 or 3, Lily F. 209 



Perianth adherent to the ovary below, and thei-efore apparently borne on it. 



Stamens 6: anthers turned inwards. Flowers regular or nearly so, Amaryllis F. 213 



Stamens 3: anthers turned outwards. Flowers often irregular, Iris F. 214 



Stamens only one or two and united with or borne on the style. Flowers irregular, of 



singular shapes. Orchis F. 215 



III. Glumaceous Division. Flowers not on a spadix, and without any corolla-like perianth, but 



with f/lumes, i. e. thin scales, such as the chaff or husk of Grain and Grasses. Stems rush-like 



or straw-like. 

 Glumes 6 in a whorl to each flower, like a calyx. Rush F. 215 



Glume one to each flower, the flower in its axil. Flowers collected into heads or spikes. Sedge F. 21G 

 Glumes 2 or 4 to each flower, in two sets, Grass F. 216 



