208 POPULAR FLORA. 



96. PICKEREL- WEED FAMILY. Order PONTEDERIACEiE. 



Is representi'il hy three or I'uur plants in this country, of wbieb much the commonest 

 is the 



Pickerel-weed. Pontederia. 



Perianth blue, of 6 divisions, unequally united below into a tube ; the 3 upper divisions most 

 united and making a 3-lobed upper lip, the 3 lower spreading and separate some way down, making 

 a lower lip : after expanding, for one day only, the upper part coils up and withers away, while the 

 base of the tube thickens and encloses the small one-seeded fruit. Stamens 6; the 3 lower on slender 

 projectmg filaments; the 3 upper inserted lower down on the tube, with very short filaments and 

 generally imperfect anthers. Style 1 : stigma 3-lobed. Stout herbs in shallow water, with long- 

 petioled leaves and long peduncles or few-leaved stems (their leaves with sheathing footstalks, the 

 uppermost one merely a sheathing spathe or bract), bearing a spike of flowers. 



1. Common Pickerel-weed. Stems 2° or 3° high ; leaves thickish, lance-ovate or ovate-oblong, and 

 generally more or less heart-shaped at the base. Common everywhere; fi. all summer. P. cordaia. 



97. GREENBRIER FAMILY. Order SMILACE^E. 

 Of this family, as here arranged, we have only a single genus, viz. : — 



Greenbrier. Smilax. 

 Known at once bj' being climbing plants (or disposed to climb) and having a tendril on each side 

 of the footstalk of the leaf; and by the leaves being veiny between the ribs, almost as in Exogens, 

 alternate, sometimes evergreen, simple, and entire. Flowers dioecious, in axillary umbels. Perianth 

 generally of 6 equal and spreading greenish or yellowish separate pieces. The sterile flowers have as 

 many stamens, with oblong or linear one-celled anthers fixed by their base to the filament, and turned 

 inwards. The fertile flowers have a round ovary, with 3 short spreading styles or stigmas. Fruit 

 a berry, with 2 or few large seeds. Fl. summer. 



* Stems woody and often prickly, yellowish-green: ovary and berry 2-ceIled and 2-seeded, black when 



ripe, generally with a bluish bloom. 



1. Common G. or Catbeier. Leaves thickish, round-ovate or slightly heart-shaped, and with 5 to 



9 ribs, green both sides ; branchlets often square ; prickles short ; peduncles of the umbel not longer 

 than the petiole. Moist thickets. S. rotundifblia. 



2. Glaucous G. Leaves ovate, glaucous beneath ; peduncles longer than the petiole : otherwise 



nearly as No. 1. S. glauca. 



3. Bristly G. Leaves ovate and heart-shaped, large and thin, green both sides ; stem below covered 



with long and weak blackish bristlj^ prickles ; peduncles much longer than the petioles. Thickets, 

 N. and AV. -S. Mqnda. 



4. Laukel-leaved G. Not prickly; leaves lance-oblong or lance-linear, thick and evergreen, with 



3 to 5 ribs; peduncles of the umbel very short. Sandy soil, S. S. laurifvlia. 



* * Stem herbaceous, chmbing, not prickly: ovarj' and blue-black berry 3-celled, 6-seeded. 



5. Caerion-flower G. Leaves thin, pale, mostly heart-shaped, with 7 to 9 ribs, sometimes rather 



downy beneath, long-petioled; peduncles 3' to 8' long, longer than the leaves; flowers of the odor 

 of carrion. Meadows and river-banks. S. herbacea. 



