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iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page. 



Fig. 27. Vertical air blast against surface of water in layers (tank rotating). . 243 



" 28. Movement of the surface water in the [N^ewfoundland area 244 



29. Ice melting experiment 245 



30. The melting of the ice 246 



31. Distribution of salinity near the ice 248 



32. Distribution of temperature near the ice 248 1 



33. Movement of water near the ice 249 /^ 



34. Movement of water in the tank by ice melting 250 



35. Distribution of the temperature by ice melting over a warm and salt 

 bottom layer 250 



36. Movement of the water by ice melting in Gullmarf jord 251 



37. Distribution of the temperature by ice melting in Gullmarf jord . . . . 252 



38. Frictional force as indicated by the movement of the water 253 



39. Diagram of velocity for a current by constant frictional resistance. . . . 254 



40. Diagram of velocity for a surface current in calm weather and with 

 wind in same and the opposite direction 255 



41. Cyclonic and anticyclonic currents produced by physical change of the 

 water and by wind 256 



42. Current from centre of production to centre of consumption 258 ** 



43. Movement of surface water in the Gulf Stream 258 »* 



44. Experiment illustrating circulation of the Gulf Stream 260 



45. Influence of the wind upon the Gulf Stream 262 >» 



46. Bjerknes' diagram of the Archimedean forces 264 ^ , 



47. Solenoids between two water layers 264 



48. Method of calculating the circulation in a sea current 265 



49. Relation between solenoids and circulation 266 



50. Isobars, isosters and solenoids in section IX . . 268 



" 51. Solenoids in section IX 269 



'' 52. Amount of solenoids in section IX 271 



53. Cyclonic circulation produced by the earth's rotation 272 



54. Density and calculated velocity by offshore wind 278 



55. Alteration ofl circulation acceleration 280/ 



56. Submarine seiches occasioned by brief but violent gales 281; 



57. Oscillation of surface water 282' 



" 58. Direction of wind on 7/1, 1902, 9 p.m 283 



" 59. Courses of wind on 7/1, 1902, 9 p.m 284 J 



'' 60. Circulation of the water in a transverse section of a current with cold 



bottom water 294'/ 



Plate I. Depths and hydrographical stations. ^ 



" II. Distribution of salinity. Spring, 1915. • 



" III. Distribution of salinity. Summer, 1915. ^ 



" IV. Distribution of temperature. Spring, 1915. 



" V. Distribution of temperature. Summer, 1915. 



" VI. Distribution of specific volume. Spring, 1915. 



" VII. Distribution of specific volume. Summer, 1915. 

 " VIII. Course o:S isosters. Spring, 1915. 

 " XI. Course of isosters. Summer, 1915. 



" X. Depth in metres of the isosteric surfaces. Spring, 1915. 



" XI. Depth in metres of the isosteric surfaces. Summer, 1915. 

 " XII. Stability conditions of the Canadian Atlantic waters. Spring, 1915. 

 " XIII. Stability conditions of the Canadian Atlantic waters. Summer, 1915. 

 *■ XIV. Calculated velocities. Spring, 1915. 

 " XV. Calculated velocities. Summer, 1915. 



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