TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page. 



Preface 221 



Chap. 1. Geographical condition of the area ofl investigation 222 



" 2. The hydrographical observations 225 



" 3. Dynamic importance of the isosteric surfaces 228 



" 4. Forces derived from the distribution of density 229 



" 5. Stability of the water in the Newfoundland area 232 



" 6. Influence of the wind upon the movement of sea-water 233 



" 7. Influence of the earth's rotation upon the movement of sea-water. . . . 239 



" 8. Influence of melting ice upon the movement of sea-water 245 



" 9. Influence of friction upon the movement of sea- water 253 



- " 10. On the cause and the effects of ocean currents 255 



" 11. Bjerknes' circulation theory 263 



" 12. Solenoids in the Canadian Atlantic area 267 



" 13. Influence of the earth's rotation upon circulation 272 



" 14. Influence of friction upon circulation 275 



" 15. The acceleration of circulation 278 



" 16. On the topogi-aphy of the sea's surface, on the pressure and energy in 



the sea 285 



" 17. Summary 288 



FIGURES AND PLATES. 



Fig. 1. Map showing the dimiension of the area investigated 223 



" 2. The rotation of the Foucault's pendulum plane on the Newfoundland 



area ' 224 



" 3. The rotation of the Newfoundland area owing to the rotation of the 



earth 226 



" 4. Wind currents in homogeneous water 228 



" 5. Water layers in stable juxtaposition 228 



" 6. Wind currents in stable water layers 228 



" 7. Archimedean forces in stable strata 230 



" 8. Movement occasioned by the forces, shown in fig. 7 230 



*' 9. Diagram of the stability of the sea-water 232 



" 10. Stable sea-water in equilibrium 233 



" 11. Influence of the wind on stable sea-water 233 



" 12. Water layers jibing in a high wind 234 



" 13. Strong circulation in surface layer after jibing 234' 



" 14. State of sea-water after a storm 235 



" 15. Experiment on the action of wind upon water in strata 235 



" 16. Wind, temperature and movement in the southern part of the Baltic, 



1/8, 1907 236 



" 17. Wind, 15°-isotlierm and movement between Africa and S. America, 



lat. 20°S 236 



" 18. Experiment ilhistrating current opposed to the wind on weather shore.. 236 



" 19. Wind and wind currents in Gullmarfjord 237 



"' 20. Current opposed to the wind on weather shore and lee 238 



" 21. Surface current on the approach of a storm 23*8 



" 22. Distribution of density by cyclonic rotation of surface water 239 



" 23. Screwing movement of surface water in cyclonic circulation 240 



" 24. Movement of the water in the Sargasso sea 241 



" 25. Screwing movement in a deep water current 242 



" 26. Vertical air blast against surface of water in layers (tank at rest) .... 242 

 6553— lie iii 



