Important Okohaed Pests and Spray Formulae. 1S1 



egg masses and spraying. This lias been done in other states 

 with infestations of some years' standing. As new colonies may 

 be treated more readily, it is of greatest importance that any 

 suspicions cases be reported to the State Department of Agricul- 

 ture, Albany, X. Y. 



Brown-Tail Moth (Euproctis chrysorrcea). — This is the com- 

 mon caterpillar of Europe. Under favorable conditions it becomes 

 a serious pest, defoliating both fruit and shade trees in seasons of 

 its abundance. The barbed microscopic hairs shed by the caterpil- 

 lars produce an irritation of the skin akin to ivy poisoning. The 

 rion of France where fruit tree seedlings are grown was 

 badly infested with these moths during the summers of 1908 and 

 1909, and many thousands of the winter nests containing caterpil- 

 lars were taken from shipments made to American points. As 

 far as known, all infestation was prevented by inspection and at 

 present only in Xew England is the insect known in the United 

 5 ates. Any winter webs containing caterpillars should be re- 

 eled with suspicion and mailed for identification to the Xew 

 York State Department of Agriculture, Albany, X. Y. 



ot Hole Borers. — These fruit tree bark beetles bore feeding 

 lerys or burrows under the bark of weakened trees, which then 

 show shot hole like entrances or exits. Sometimes quite vigorous 

 trees are attacked, but usually this happens when the brush piles 

 in which beetles are breeding are near. Heavy whitewashing of 

 the trunks of trees is some protection, but the burning of all prim- 

 ings, stumps and weak trees is of first importance. 



Curculio. — Plums, apples, quinces and peaches frequently 

 show ereseent-shaped cuts on the fruit, which indicate the pres- 

 ence of eggs of the curculio. In plum orchards much affected 

 fruit may drop, but in the other fruits the blemish is the chief 

 injury. The beetles may be captured by jarring them from the 

 trees upon sheets. Arsenate of lead, however, is now the standard 

 remedy. This is used freely at 2 pounds per 50 gallons of water 

 aft< r the blossom period, and at two to three week intervals there- 

 after, should the beetles be present in number-. 



SPRAYING FOR FUXGOUS DISEASES 



Fungous troubles are <]ue to the growth of microscopic 

 forms of plant life which subsist on plant tissues. These micro- 



