Important Oechaed Pests and Spba? Foemui*ae. 47'J 



outline for apple orchard spraying, page 488.) Just after the 

 blossoms fall a spray driven directly toward the upturned apple 

 calyx is best. A spraying 2 or 3 weeks later adds to the protec- 

 tion, but after the calyx lobes close it is almost impossible to get 

 the poison where needed. A late brood occasionally issues in 

 July, in which case a late spraying is in order. 



Pear Psylla. — When abundant this insect is found in the axils 

 of pear leaves. In mid-summer a sweet secretion termed " honey 

 dew " hides the insect. A fungus often thrives in the " honey 

 dew", giving it a dark, sooty appearance. Control is by contact 

 sprays only, although in winter many of the adult winged insects 

 may be killed by scraping off and burning the loose bark under 

 which they hide. Tobacco extracts and whale oil soap sprays are 

 effective summer sprays, but to secure contact with the insects 

 spraying should be done before the drop of " honey dew " de- 

 velops or when it has been washed away by rains. 



Tent Caterpillars. — These build the common webs often seen 

 during late spring upon wild cherry and apple trees. The winter 

 is passed in a ring-like egg mass on small twigs. Arsenical 

 poisons used either alone or with fungicides will afford control if 

 applied when the leaves first appear. 



Canker Worms. — These " measuring " worms, when abundant, 

 defoliate apple trees in May or June. They hatch soon after the 

 leaves appear and when disturbed will hang from a silken strand. 

 At the first appearance of the canker worm, a thorough spraying 

 with arsenate of lead, 2 pounds to 50 gallons of water, is an 

 effective method of control. Care must be taken to apply the 

 poison spray to the tops of the trees where this insect is most 

 abundant. 



Bud Moth of Apples. — In the spring small brownish caterpil- 

 lars often feed on unfolding leaves and blossoms. Arsenates in 

 the sprayings suggested for apple orchards afford control, or ar- 

 senate of lead may be us< <1 alone. Spray as for tent caterpillars, 



Cnse Bearers. — Small caterpillars, carrying protective cases 

 either cigar- or pistol-shaped, often feed on unfolding leaves and 

 are controlled by the same spray as bud moth caterpillars. 



Borers. — Apple and peach trees are often girdled at the base 

 of the trunk by borers. Sawdust-like castings and discoloration at 



