22 NOMENCLATIVE 



vegetable substances, which they chew and 

 grind. We compare further the Horse and 

 Cow, and find that the Horse has front teeth 

 both in the upper and lower jaw, while the Cow 

 has them only in the lower; and going still 

 further, and comparing the internal with the ex- 

 ternal features, we find this arrangement of the 

 teeth in direct relation to the different structure 

 of the stomach in the two animals, the Cow 

 having a stomach with four pouches, adapted to 

 a mode of digestion by which the food is pre- 

 pared for the second mastication, while the 

 Horse has a simple stomach. Comparing the 

 Cow and the Deer, we find that the digestive 

 apparatus is the same in both ; but though they 

 both have horns, in the Cow the horn is hollow, 

 and remains through life firmly attached to the 

 bone, while in the Deer it is solid and is shed 

 every year. With these facts before us, we can- 

 not hesitate to place the Dog, the Cat, and the 

 Bear in one division, as carnivorous animals, 

 and the other three in another division as her- 

 bivorous animals, and looking a little further, 

 we perceive, that, in common with the Cow and 

 the Deer, the Goat and the Sheep have cloven 

 feet, and that they are all ruminants, while the 

 Horse has a single hoof, does not ruminate, and 

 must therefore be separated from them, even 

 though, like them, he is herbivorous. 



