6l6 MICROBIOLOGY OF THE DISEASES OF MAN AND ANIMALS. 



Slight cases may be cured by a 2 per cent solution of potassium per- 

 manganate, in which the- bird's head is plunged for a few seconds. This 

 treatment should be given twice a day and continued until all symptoms 

 have disappeared. The most effective preventive is to keep fowls in 

 good sanitary conditions in dry, clean and well ventilated houses, free 

 from draughts. 



Besides the organisms mentioned, Loeffler has described the B. diph- 

 theria columbarium, and Loir and Duclaux the B. diphtheria gallinarum 

 as causing fowl diphtheria, but the diseases produced by these organisms 

 are very dissimilar from the well-known "Roup" of North America. 

 The Klebs-Loeffler bacterium of human diphtheria has no pathogenic 

 effect on fowls. 



GLANDERS.* 

 Bacterium mallei. 



Glanders is a very common and serious disease, most common among 

 equines. It is communicable to the human being by inoculation and 

 by the same process may affect sheep, goats, and laboratory animals. 

 Cattle are not susceptible. 



Bad. mallei and the disease it produces are widely scattered over the 

 civilized world wherever horses are numerous. 



This infection produces a disease which may be acute or chronic 

 according to the virulence of the microorganisms and resistance of the 

 animal. Mules and donkeys are less resistant than horses and usually 

 have the disease in more acute form. 



The characteristic feature? of the disease produced are inflammatory 

 changes of the lymph glands and lymph vessels, ulceration of mucous 

 membranes, the tubercle, the farcy bud, the lymph cord, and the peculiar, 

 clear, viscid discharge. There is considerable fever in acute cases, much 

 less marked or absent in chronic cases. In a very common type of the 

 disease there frequently occurs a destructive inflammation of the nasal 

 mucous membrane which results in ulcers and consequent nasal discharge. 



Glanders in man is rare considering the frequent opportunity for in- 

 fection. There are usually inflammatory swellings with involvement 

 of local lymph glands, and constitutional disturbances soon follow the 

 local symptoms. Human glanders is to be always regarded as very 



* Prepared by M. H. Reynolds. ' 



