CONTENTS. 

 CHAPTER I. 



MICROSCOPICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION. 



PAGE 



1. Microscopical Preparations, Staining, and Micro-chemical Exam- 



ination of Deposits, Bacteria, and Yeast-cells, ... i 



2. Biological research ; the Microscope ; Moist Chambers, absolutely 



Pure Mass Cultures, ---.--.. g 



3. Sterilisation (Spallanzani, Scheele, Appert, Schulze, Schwann, 



Mitscherlich, Cagniard Latour, Kiitzing, Turpin, Schroder, 

 Dusch, Pasteur), -------- 9 



(a) Sterilisation of Glass and Metal Articles. 



(b) Sterilisation of Nutritive Liquids and Solid Nutritive 



Substrata. (Filtration of beer arid water, Pasteur- 

 isation of beer, wine, etc., closed coolers.) 



(c) Sterilisation of air. 



4. Disinfection (Schwann, Koch, Gruber, Johan-Olsen, Aubry, 



Will), - 14 



5. Flasks : Pasteur, Chamberland, Freudenreich, Hansen, Jorgen- 



sen, and Carlsberg Flasks, ------ 19 



6. Nutritive Substrata, ------- -23 



7. Preparation of Pure Culture, - - 24 



(a) Pure Cultures for Morphological Investigations ; 



Ehrenberg, Mitscherlich, Kiitzing, F. Schulze, 

 Tulasrie, De Bary, Brefeld, - 25 



(b) Pure Cultures for Physiological Experiments with 



Mass-cultures ; Pasteur, Cohn, Lister, Hansen, 

 Schroeter, Koch : a, Physiological Methods (ex- 

 perimental examination of Pasteur's and Effront's 

 Methods) ; /3, Dilution Methods (the exact Methods 

 of Hansen ; experimental examination of the Plate- 

 cultures of Koch), - - - 26 



8. Counting the Yeast-cells, - 34 



