SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN PRACTICE. 271 



men in England, concerning the difficulty or impossibility of 

 obtaining after or secondary fermentation when one type of 

 yeast alone say Sacch. cerevisice is used ; for there has not 

 been the slightest difficulty in obtaining secondary fermentation 

 in ' stock ' or bottled ales, where the Australian or ' Burton ' 

 yeasts have been used here. 



" I have, with Mr. DE BAVAY, over and over again examined 

 both ' stock ' and bottled ales fermented with pure Burton 

 yeast, and that secondary fermentation was vigorous in them, 

 any one who saw the foam and ' head ' on the beers could not 

 doubt. 



" Mr. DE BAVAY tells me that he frequently obtains a well- 

 marked secondary cask-fermentation a fortnight after racking 

 the beer, and this in cases where the yeast used was fresh 

 from the laboratory, and therefore practically free from the 

 slightest intermixture of other types of yeast." (DE BAY AY'S 

 brewery in Melbourne is worked on the top-fermentation 

 system.) 



MACCARTIE, therefore, basing his opinion on these facts, has 

 no doubt but that within a few years HANSEN'S system will 

 also be adopted in all the important, top-fermentation breweries 

 of the world. His detailed account is of great interest, since 

 it affords fresh proof, obtained in actual practice, that differ- 

 ences exist in the species of Saccharomyces cerevisice, and thus 

 it also proves the necessity for making a selection from these 

 species with reference to practical requirements. 



Dr. E. KOKOSINSKI, Director of the laboratory at Lille, 

 writes : * 



"In August, 1888, after three years' preparatory study, I 

 introduced pure cultivated yeast for the first time into a 

 top-fermentation brewery in Lille. Shortly afterwards, at 

 the beginning of 1889, I also introduced it into some other 

 breweries in Lille, Roubaix, Douai, and St. Omer, and at the 

 present time there are fifteen breweries in North France in 

 which pure yeast is employed, and all, without a single exception, 

 obtain excellent results with it." 



1 "Application industrielle de la methode Hansen & la fermentation haute 

 dans le Nord de la France," Compt. rend, de la Station scientifique de Brasserie, 

 Gand, 1890. 



