664 



THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



that are imposed by some for private 

 lucre on the credulous lovers and 

 admirers of these insects." In 1680, 

 another 8vo appeared in London, by 

 the same author, entitled " A Further 

 Discovery of Bees." 



In 1691 a 12mo was published in 

 London, written by John Worlidge, 

 entitled " Apiarium ; or a Discourse 

 of the Government and Ordering of 

 I5ees ; their Nature and Properties." 



Two years later, in lfi93, appeared a 

 quarto, in London, by Edmund South- 

 erne, bearing this title : " A Treatise 

 Concerning the Right Use and Order- 

 ing of Bees : Newlie made and set 

 forth according to the author's own 

 experience : wliioh by any heretofore 

 hath not been done." Mr. Southerne 

 appeared to think that he was the 

 first author on bees wlio had written 

 out his experience. This closes the 

 list for the seventeenth century. 



The authors on bee-keeping in the 

 eighteenth century begin with .Joseph 

 Warder. At London, in 1712, his 

 18mo, consisting of 166 pages, was 

 given to the world, and its title read 

 thus : " Tlie True Amazons ; or. The 

 Monarchy of Bees : Being a new dis- 

 covery and improvement of those 

 wonderful creatures. With directions 

 ' plain and easy how to manage them, 

 both in straw hives and transparent 

 boxes ; so tliat with laying out of but 

 £i or £o, in three or four years, if the 

 summers are kind, you may get £30 

 or £40 per annum.' " This work was 

 the first to contemplate bee-culture 

 as a business, and as a result nine 

 editions were published ; the last of 

 ■which appealed at London in 1765. 



Then came an 8vo of more impos- 

 ing proportions ; containing 468 pages, 

 and being illustrated with twelve 

 copper plate engravings. It was by 

 B. A. F. Reaumur, and was trans- 

 lated from the French by N. Bazin, 

 and published in London in 1744. Its 

 title reads thus : " The Natural His- 

 tory of Bees : containing an account 

 of their production, their economy, 

 the manner of their making wax and 

 honey, and the best methods for the 

 improvement and preservation of 

 them." Asa scientitic work, this is 

 Still held in high repute. 



In the same year, 1744, an 8vo was 

 published, with copper-plate engrav- 

 ings, containing 208 pages, by the 

 Rev. John Thorley. It was a plea for 

 the bees, and condemned the brim- 

 stone pit, as is shown by its title, 

 which was as follows : " Melisselogia; 

 or. The Female Monarchy : Being 

 an inquiry into the nature, order and 

 government of bees, those admirable, 

 instructive and useful insects. With 

 a new, easy and effectual method to 



E reserve them, not only in colonies, 

 ut common hives, from that cruel 

 death to which their ignorant, in- 

 jurious and most ingrateful owners 

 so commonly condemn them. A secret 

 unknown to past ages, and now pub- 

 lished for the benefit of mankind. 

 Written upon forty years' observation 

 and experience." A second edition 

 of this work was published in 17().5. 



In 17.50, at Edinburgh. " The Prac- 

 tical Bee-Master, by Robert Maxwell, 

 was published : 12mo; 188 pages. 



In the same year as Mr. Thorley's 

 second edition came out, another 

 progressive step was pointed out by 

 Stephen White, in the manner of 

 taking the honey in bee-boxes, etc. 

 That was an 8vo, and was published 

 in London in 1756, and its title reads 

 thus : " Collateral Bee-Boxes : or a 

 new, easy and advantageous method 

 of managing bees, in which part of 

 the honey is taken away in an easy 

 manner, without destroying or much 

 disturbing the bees ; early swarms, if 

 desired, are encouraged, and late ones 

 prevented." 



In 1758, the noted work of John 

 Swammerdam, M. D., was published 

 in London, entitled, "The Book of 

 Nature ; or. The History of Insects : 

 It was translated from the Dutch and 

 Latin, by Thomas Floyd. Seventy- 

 eight pages of this elaborate folio, 

 and ten copper-plate engravings are 

 given to ' Treatise of IJees ; or, an 

 accurate description of their origin, 

 generation, sex, economy, labors and 

 use." This is a standard work, and 

 is much quoted by all modern authors. 



John Mills, F.R.S., wrote a work of 

 158 8vo pages, which was published in 

 London in 1766. Its title was : "An 

 Essay on the Management of Bees : 

 wherein is shown. . . .that the practice 

 of saving their lives when their honey 

 and wax are taken from them was 

 known to the ancients, and is, in 

 itself, simple and easily executed." 



In 1768, a quarto appeared in Lon- 

 don containing 176 pages, with copper- 

 plate engravings. It was the cele- 

 brated work of Thomas Wildman, 

 entitled : " A Treatise on the Man- 

 agement of Bees : wherein is con- 

 tained the natural history of those 

 insects ; with the various methods of 

 cultivating them, both ancient and 

 modern, and the improved treatment 

 of them." A second edition was pub- 

 lished in 1779. 



" A Complete Guide to the Mystery 

 and Management of Bees " was the 

 title of an 8vo by William White, pub- 

 lished in London in 1771. 



In 1777 was published in London an 

 octavo, written by John Debraw, en- 

 titled " Discoveries on the Sex of 

 Bees : explaining the manner in 

 which their species is propagated ; 

 with an account of the utilities that 

 may be derived from these discov- 

 eries by their application to practice." 



Then comes the works of John 

 Keyes, the first of which was an 8vo, 

 and was published in London in 1780, 

 entitled : " The Practical Bee-Mas- 

 ter : in which is shown how to man- 

 age bees, either in straw hives or in 

 boxes, without destroying them, and 

 with more ease, safety "and profit than 

 by any method hitherto made public." 

 The next was a 12mo of 272 pages pub- 

 lished in 1796, and was entitled, " The 

 Ancient Bee-Master's Farewell : or 

 full and plain directions for the man- 

 agement of bees to the greatest ad- 

 vantage; declaring further improve- 

 ments, etc." In 1814 another was is- 

 sued, which was but little more than 

 a re-print of the last-named, though 

 its title read, •' A Treatise on the 

 Breeding and Management of Bees to 

 the Greatest Advantage." This was 

 a 12mo, and contained 272 pages. 



In 1783 an octavo was issued, writ- 

 ten by Byran J. Bromwich, entitled, 

 "The Experienced Bee-Keeper : an 

 essay on the management of bees." 



In 1795 an 8vo was published in Lon- 

 don ; the author being James Bonner, 

 and its title was, "A Plan for Speedily 

 Increasing the Number of Bee-Hives 

 in Scotland." 



Inl799, al2mo was issued in Lon- 

 don, written by John Isaac, entitled 

 " The General Apiarian : wherein a 

 simple, humane, and advantageous 

 method of obtaining the produce of 

 the bees, without destroying them, is 

 pointed out." 



This completes the eighteenth cen- 

 tury. The nineteenth is commenced 

 by an anonymous publication in Lon- 

 don of an 8vo. entitled " Comfort to 

 Aristeus : or a few useful hints on 

 the management of bees, so as to 

 render honey and wax a cheap and 

 plentiful commodity, etc." 



Then came, in 1806. the famous 

 work of Francis Huber, published in 

 London, 12mo. and entitled: "-'New 

 Observations on the History of Bees," 

 which was translated from the 

 French. 



From 1806 to 1813 a poem in 3 parts, 

 297 pages, was published at Shrews- 

 bury, entitled, " The Bees." 



This was followed, in ISIo, by a 

 book of 395 pages, bv Robert Huish, 

 and published in Loudon, entitled, 

 " A Treatise on the Nature, Economy 

 and Practical Management of Bees, 

 in which the various systems of api- 

 arians are examined, etc." In 1844 

 another edition was published con- 

 taining 4.58 pages. 



In 1821. at London, was published 

 an anonymous poem, entitled " Mon- 

 archy of Bees;" 29 pages, 12mo. 



In 1825, a 12mo of 112 pages entitled 

 " The Practical Apiarian," by George 

 Strutt, was published. 



In 1827, at Edinburgh, was pub- 

 lished an 8vo, entitled " Apiarians' 

 Manual," by T. M. Howatson. 



In 1827, "The Honey-Bee : its Nat- 

 ural History, Physiology and Man- 

 agement " made its appearance in 

 London. It was by Edward Bevan, 

 and the first edition contained 404 

 pages. Another edition was pub- 

 lished in 1838. 



In Boston, Mass., was issued a 12mo 

 in 1829, of 164 pages by James 

 Thacher, M. D., entitled, " A Practi- 

 cal Treatise on the Management of 

 Bees : with the best method of de- 

 stroying and preventing the depreda- 

 tions of the bee-moth." 



And in the same place in 1831, was 

 published an 18ino of 106 pages, by 

 Jerome V. Smith, M. D., entitled^ 

 " An Essay on the Practicability ot 

 Cultivating the Honey-Bee in Mari- 

 time Towns and Cities." 



In 1833, at London, a 12mo of 71 

 pages appeared, entitled, " The Api- 

 arian's Guide," by J. H. Payne. 



In the next year, 1834, appeared in 

 London a 12mo with 40 wood cuts, 

 entitled " The Management of Bees," 

 with a description of the " Ladies' 

 Safety Hive," by Samuel Bagster, Jr. 



In 1835, in New York, was pub- 

 lished a small pamphlet by Francis 

 Kelsey, entitled " A Practical Trea- 



