58 



THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



Jan. 27, 



Pasadena, Calif., with some one there to look after it. Mr. 

 Hammersmark spent one season with E. France & Son, the 

 great extracted honey producers of Wisconsin ; and also one 

 season with W. D. Wright, a comb honey producer in New 

 York State. Hence Mr. H. ought to be fully able to run Mr. 

 K.'s apiaries successfully. 



Mr. Kreutzinger, when sending us the foregoing informa- 

 tion Jan. 15, also added : 



" When passing on the north side of Madison St., Chicago, 

 east of Fifth Ave., yesterday, I found some one in front of the 

 store piling up comb honey, and selling two sections for 15 

 cents. So you see your reference, on page 24, to some bee- 

 keepers around Chicago, and complaints, appear justified." 



Mb. W. J. CuLi.iNAN, of Quincy, 111., after an invalidism 

 of years, past away last week. He was a brother-in-law of 

 Hon. J. M. Hambaugh, of California. Mr. Cullinan left a 

 well-appointed apiary of 40 colonies of bees. He has for years 

 been a reader of the American Bee Journal, and frequently 

 contributed to its columns in years gone by. Our sympathy 

 goes out to the bereaved wife and relatives. 



Mk. H. C. Middleton, DeKalb Co., Mo., when renewing 

 his subscription for 1898, said : 



"I am more than pleased with each year'sj work on the 

 American Bee Journal. Let us ever fight^adulteration to the 

 end, and the victory will be won." 



amending be mailed to the members by the Secretary not less 

 than MO days before the annual meeting. 



Report of the Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Coa- 



ventioH, Held in Chicago, Nov. 10 and 



11, 1897. 



REPORTED BY A SPECIAL BEE .JOURNALOREPOETEK. 



(Continued from page 38.) 

 FIRST DAY — Afternoon Session. 



A committee, of which Mr. Stone was chairman, appointed 

 in the forenoon, then reported on constitution. On motion 

 the report was received and the committee discharged. 



The constitution, as prepared, was then read by Secretary 

 York, and adopted, section by section. It reads as follows : 



CONSTITUTION OF NORTHWESTERN BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 



Art. I, Name. — This organization shall be known as the 

 Northwestern Kee-Keepers' Association. 



Art. II, OB.JECTS. — Its objects shall be to promote and 

 protect the interests of its members. 



Art. Ill, Membership. — Any person interested in bees 

 may become a member upon payment of a membership fee of 

 50 cents annually to the Secretary-Treasurer. 



Art. IV, Officers. — Sec. 1. The officers of this Associa- 

 tion shall be a President, Vice-President, and Secretary- 

 Treasurer, who shall form the Executive Committee. Sec. 2. 

 All Presidents of the State associations represented shall be 

 Honorary Vice-Presidents of this Association. Sec. 3. The 

 term of office of all ofScers shall be for one year, or until their 

 successors are elected and qualified. 



Art. V, Election of Officers. — Sec. 1. The election of 

 officers shall be by ballot, at the annual meeting, and a 

 majority of votes cast shall elect. Sec. 2. Vacancies in office 

 shall be filled by the Executive Committee. 



Art. VI, Duties of Officers. — The officers shall per- 

 form all such duties as usually devolve upon similar officers 

 in other organizations. Any other questions shall be decided 

 accdVding to "Robert's Rules of Order." 



Art. VII, Place and Time of Meeting. — The place of 

 meeting shall be in Chicago, at such time as shall be deter- 

 mined by the Executive Committee, notice of which shall be 

 given to each member, and publisht in the bee-papers. 



Art. VIII, AmeinD.ments. — This Constitution may be 

 amended by a two-third vote of the membership in attendance 

 at any annual meeting, provided that notice of such proposed 



Dr. C. C. Miller was then elected President of the revived 

 Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Association ; Hon. E. Whitcomb, 

 Vice-President; and George W. York, Secretary-Treasurer. 



Invitations from Omaha, to hold next year's meeting there, 

 were then read. 



cheapest and best WAT TO REAR QUEENS. 



Mr. Rohrs — What is the cheapest and best way to rear 

 queens ? 



Mr. Schrier — If a man only wants a few he would better 

 buy them. He can get them cheaper of a specialist in queen- 

 rearing. 



Mr. Thompson — In rearing queens there is a great differ- 

 ence in the size of the queen-cells. I would like to know how 

 many here produce good queens from small cells, or from the 

 biggest they have ? 



Mr. Baxter — It depends upon whether he means the in- 

 side or outside. I have had some of the very best queens pro- 

 duced from what you would think was no cell at all, but when 

 you come to examine the inside it was just as big as in larger 

 looking cells. If the inside is large enough for the purpose, it 

 Is sufficient. 



Pres. Miller — Another question may come In along with 

 that : As a rule, will those cells that are large inside be 

 larger than common outside? 



Mr. Baxter — I would answer no to that. 



Pres. Miller — If you are selecting cells, and you have a 

 number in the hive, will you look for one that has a large out- 

 side, or would you consider that at all ? 



Mr. Stone — I always do. If it doesn't have a large out- 

 side it is possible for it to have a very small inside. 



Mr. Baxter — That depends upon the way the cell Is built. 

 If the bottom of the comb projects, the result is it is very 

 large outside. It makes a big difference where it is placed. 



Mr. Thompson — The larva is hatcht in the bottom of the 

 cell proper, where it is built out, and then they build it out 

 after the larva has hatcht. How comes that ? Does the larva 

 crawl out of the cell proper, or does it stay in ? 



Mr. Baxter — The larva is always at the bottom of the 

 cell, anyway. 



Pres. Miller — Let me see if this is what will agree with 

 your experience : Isn't it true that you will sometimes find in 

 a comb a cell which hardly projects from the surface '? Unless 

 you have been careful you hardly notice it at all as a queen- 

 cell ; but out of that cell will come just as good a queen as 

 you get from your largest cells. That sometimes happens. 

 But that is because the bees have been forced into that, not 

 left to their own devices. 



Mr. Thompson — Do you call the bigger queen the better 

 queen ? 



Pres. Miller — No, no. I would have a medium-sized 

 queen ; but as a rule the larger cells will have the better 

 queens. 



Mr. Thompson — If it is the quantity of the food that pro- 

 duces a good queen in a large cell, then there cannot be so 

 much food in a small cell, and consequently they will not be 

 so good. 



A Member — I have often noticed, after a queen has 

 hatcht, that there was an abundance of royal jelly at the bot- 

 tom of the cell left that was not utilized, and I think it is, no 

 matter what size of cell it is, as long as that larva had a suffi- 

 cient quantity of royal jelly to develop it. The size of the cell 

 will not make any difference in the queen. 



Mr. Wheeler — I have found this to be true, that a cell 

 that hangs at the bottom of the comb, and hangs under, is 

 quite apt to have a dead bee in it, for some reason or other. 

 When I pinch it I very often find that queen dead ; but I very 

 seldom find a queen dead that is reared in a comb, imbedded — 

 hanging down but imbedded in the comb along with other 

 brood. They are almost always very lively and strong when 

 they are hatching. I very often pinch them out just when 

 they are hatching. 



Pres. Miller — Will you tell us why that is, Mr. Wheeler? 



Mr. Wheeler — I think that one reason is that where they 

 extend down below t'ne cluster they are apt to be exposed to 

 chilly winds and such things ; but where they are right in the 

 brood and imbedded in it alongside of it — X prefer to have a 

 cell of that kind rather than one that hangs below the frame. 



Mr. Rohrs — My experience with rearing queens has been 

 just the same. It is that from the bottom of the brood-frame 

 we very often find dead queens, but those on top are better, 

 and I coincide in that with Mr. Wheeler, that I think tbey are 

 kept better warmed through, and a more regular tempera- 

 ture than at the bottom. 



ICuDtinued 1 ext wiek.l 



