THK I'KOl'ACATION OF PLANTS 137 



sary to }»r()pa<^al»' llu'iii l>y iiifuns nt" huds. In 

 somo cases, also, seeds air imt produced freely, 

 and tlirn n^conrso is liad t<> i)nds. In many 

 instances, too, as in graft in«,^ (juii'kt'r results are 

 obtained by bud {>ropagation than by st-i'd piop- 

 agation. ()n«» nutans of dwarling })lants is to 

 graft them on kinds of small«M- stature. 



228. Of bud proj>agati()n, there are two gen- 

 oral typt'S, — that in whicli tin- Imd I't-niains 

 attached to th«> jjarcnt jilaiit until it has taken 

 root, and that in which the bud is at once se}»a- 

 rated from the parent plant. Examples of the 

 former are layers ; of the lattei-, cuttings. 



'.ib. rndftdched huds 



221>. A layer is a shoot or a root which, 

 while still attached to the plant, is made to 

 take root with th«' intention that it shall be 

 severed, and form an inde|>cndent )»lant. 



*J."I<>. Thf layers arc bent t<» the ground, an<l 

 at one phu-e or Joint are covered with eai'tli ; at 

 this joint roots are emitted. Layering may be 

 performed in either fall or spring, but the t'oi- 

 mer is usually preferre<l. The layers are usually 

 allowed to lie one season bef(^re they are sev- 

 ered. Almost any plant which has shoots that 

 can be bent to the ground can be pro])agated 

 by layers ; but the l>est results are obtainetl in 

 plants which have rather soft wood. 



