140 THE PRINX'IPLES OF AGRICULTURE 



239. When the cion is inserted, the wounded 

 surfaces must be tightly closed, to prevent the 

 parts from drying out. Whenever the stock is 

 cut off to receive the cion, thereby wounding the 

 wood, wax is used to cover the wound ; when 

 only the bark is raised to admit the cion or bud, 

 a bandage is used. 



240. Grafting with hardwood cions of two 

 or more buds — which is usually spoken of as 

 grafting proper — is performed in sjDring, and 

 the cions are cut in the winter and are kept 

 fresh and dormant (as in a cellar) until wanted. 

 The cion is made from the wood of the pre- 

 vious season's growth, of the variety which it is 

 desired to propagate. 



241. Budding — or inserting a single bud un- 

 derneath the bark — may be performed whenever 

 the bark of the stock will peel or "slip," and 

 when mature buds can be secured. If performed 

 in spring, the buds are cut in winter, as for 

 grafting proper. If performed in late summer 

 or early fall — and this is the custom — the buds 

 are cut at the time, from the season's growth. 



SUGGESTIONS ON CHAPTER IX 



215a. It is impracticable, in this connection, to explain fully 

 why it is that some plants "come true" from seed, and others 

 (as apples, strawberries, roses) do not ; but the enquirer will 

 find the matter expounded in Bailey's "Plant-Breeding," pp. 



