SL'BSEQUENT (AKK OF THK PLANT 1G9 



and wliitt* lu'lh'horo ivv tlu' nialnials coiiimoiily 

 iist^il ; and worms, potato-bugs, and all Icaf- 

 clu'wing pests, are tlie insects tlius treated. 



l2I>S, Fuiiiri are killed \>y niat«M-ials which eon- 

 tain sulfur or copper. I''inii::i which live inside 

 the leaf or stem (2!I'J; cannot l>c killed directly 

 l»y aj>j>lications, hut the ]>arts which project into 

 the air (the frnitinir p<»rtions) can he destroyed 

 and the funirns therehy weakened and checked ; 

 and the spores (which answci' to seeds) cannot 

 grow on a sui'face which is covered with coppo- 

 or sulfur. The hest treatment of j»lant diseases, 

 therefore, is to make the application lu't'ore the 

 disease gains a foothold. A substance which is 

 used to destroy fungi is caUed a fungicide. 



2!)'.). The l>est general fungiei«le is the Bor- 

 deaux mixture, made of lime and sulfate of 

 coj.per. It not only ilestroys the lungi, hut 

 adln*res long to the jilant. Another good fungi- 

 eide is carbonate of copp«'r ; and it is preferred 

 for ormunental plants and for late apjdication to 

 fruit, be«*ause it does not discoloi' or s<»il the 

 leaves i}]- fruits. 



.'IiX). The application of insecticides and fun 

 gi<'ides is usually made in water, with a syrimr*' 

 or pump, or by means of a spray ; and th.r.l.\ 

 has arisen the practice of spraying. 



.".<>1. In order that spraying shall be success- 

 ful, it nni>t (ii) ap]»Iy the materials which will 



