66 MILITARY COMMISSION TO EUROPE. 



ARTILLEKY. 



Tliere are batteries of position, or heavy foot batteries, light foot batteries, heavy and light 

 horse batteries, and mountain batteries. 



A battery consists of 8 or 12 pieces, and is usually commanded by a field officer. Each battery 

 has its own section of the train. 



A heavy foot battery consists of six 12-pounder guns, six 28-pounder licornes, 7 officers, 312 

 men, and 241 horses; or, of four 12-pounder guns, four 28-pounder licornes, 7 officers, 222 men, 

 and 1Y7 horses. 



A light foot battery : six 6-pounder guns, six 14-pounder licornes, 7 officers, 246 men, and 

 167 horses ; or, of four 6-pounder guns, four 14-pounder licornes, 7 officers, 172 men, and 

 128 horses. 



A heavy horse battery : eight 28-pounder licornes, 8 officers, 282 men, and 374 horses. 



A light horse battery: four 6-pounder guns, four 14-pounder licornes, 7 officers, 219 men, and 

 284 horses. 



A Cossack battery : four 6-pounder guns, four 14-pouuder licornes, 5 officers, 202 men, and 

 273 horses. 



A mountain battery : eight 3-pounder guns, four 4" mortars, (weight 46 pounds,) 7 officers, 

 222 men, and 229 horses. 



The heavy horse batteries have eight horses to each piece ; the light horse batteries, and 

 heavy foot, six horses per piece ; the light foot batteries four horses to each piece. 



The caissons are two-wheeled carts, drawn by three horses abreast ; each 12-pounder gun and 

 28-pounder licorne has three of these carts ; each 6-pounder gun and 14-pounder licorne has 

 two carts. 



Tlie foot and horse artillery have separate organizations. 



From two to four batteries form a brigade ; from two to four brigades a division. It is proper 

 to state that the organization, as given above, bids fair to be superseded, partially, at all events, 

 by the introduction of the Napoleon gun-howitzer ; these guns were being cast, in large num- 

 bers, in St. Petersburg, in 1855. 



ENaiNEER TEOOPS. 



These consist of battalions of sappers and squadrons of mounted pioneers. 



The mimber of battalions is as follows : 1 of the guard, 1 of the grenadiers, 6 of the line, and 

 1 of the Caucasus. 



There are two squadrons of mounted pioneers of the guard, and two squadrons belonging to 

 the corps of dragoons ; this is the peace establishment, to be increased to sixteen squadrons in 

 time of war. 



Each battalion of sappers consists of four companies. 



Each company is composed of 5 officers, 20 sergeants, 6 musicians, and 230 corporals and 

 privates ; on the battalion staff are 6 officers and 2 sergeants. 



The strength of each division (two squadrons) of the mounted pioneers is 13 officers, 29 ser- 

 geants, 8 musicians, 328 corporals and privates, and 275 horses. 



In time of peace, each battalion has one ponton train of 42 pontons, and as many wagons ; each 

 squadron of the mounted pioneers has eight leather pontons. 



