REPORT OF CAPT. GEORGE B. M'CLELLAN. 77 



UNIFOKM. 



The predominant color of the Russian uniform is dark green. A frock-coat is worn by all 

 grades, and all arms of service ; it is green, except for certain portions of the cavalry. 



Boots are worn by all arms ; they are habitually inside the pants, except for the cuirassiers, 

 who, in full dress, wear the jack boot ; the infantry, however, on the march, tuck the pants 

 inside of the boot legs. 



The stock is of green cloth, and fastens by a button ; it has in front a flap, some four or five 

 inches long. 



The distinctions of regiments, divisions, and corps, are found in the buttons, shoulder straps, 

 and facings of the cuffs and collar ; sometimes in the head covering and the color of the dress. 



On certain occasions the officers wear sashes ; these are of silver cloth for the guard, and of 

 mohair, colored white, black, and orange, for the rest of the army ; the tassel is worn behind 

 the left hip. The sword knot is of similar material and color. Officers on duty wear the gorget ; 

 a crescent-shaped metallic plate, hung around the neck, and resting on the breast just below the 

 collar. Generals, stafi" officers, and adjutants of infantry, wear a straight sword. The different 

 grades of officers are distinguished chiefly by the epaulettes, or shoulder straps. 



Company officers wear epaulettes without bullion, i. e. , merely the strap and crescent, the latter 

 of wire instead of solid metal ; a sub-lieutenant has one star on the strap of each epaulette, a lieu- 

 tenant two stars, a captain three. Field officers have a very short and light bullion ; a major 

 has one star, a lieutenant colonel two, a colonel three. 



General officers wear a heavier bullion, of the pattern known as the box-epaulette ; a major- 

 general has one star, a lieutenant general two, a general three. A field marshal wears a still 

 heavier epaulette, with three stars, and a distinctive gold embroidery on the collar. 



All officers have, in full dress, lace or embroidery on the collar and cufi's, distinctive of rank. 



The aiguillette is worn by staff officers. 



Mounted officers are required to wear their spurs on all occasions. The helmet is worn by 

 all stafi' officers ; officers serving with regiments wear a head dress similar to that of their men. 



The forage cap of the officers is flat, with a large round top, and a peaked vizor. General 

 officers wear scarlet pants, with a gold stripe. 



Other officers wear dark green pants with a red cord, except in those regiments where the 

 men wear pants of some other color than green. 



Infantry officers wear an overcoat of the same cut and color as those of the men. 



Cavalry and staff officers wear a mantle, or loose overcoat, with a long cape, and of a dark 

 gray color. 



Recently a field uniform has been adopted for the officers, in which the epaulettes are replaced 

 by shoulder straps of a shape similar to those worn by the men. 



The distinctive mark of a non-commissioned officer is a narrow strip of gold or silver lace 

 (depending upon the color of the button) on the upper and front edges of the collar and on 

 the cufi's. 



Chevrons are worn on one arm, and merely designate length of service. 



The soldiers' clothing is of a very coarse but serviceable material, and is made up in the 

 regiments. 



The same overcoat is worn by all arms of service ; it is of a brownish gray color ; very long, 

 reaching to within 3 or 4 inches of the bottom of the pants ; double breasted, standing collar, 

 without cape ; it is made very loose by means of large pleats in the back, which can be gathered 



