EEPOET OF CAPT. GEORGE B. MTLELLAN. 175 



For tliree reliefs 18 



Corporal to post sentinels 1 



Corjjoral to make reports 1 



Total 20 



Under ordinary circumstances, the sentinels are relieved every two hours. 



The general rules for the performance of duty in camp, patrols, rounds, care of arms, reports, 

 alarms, precautions against fires, &c., &c., as given in the cavalry regulations, apply to the 

 case of infantry. 



BIVOUACS. 



Troops are said to bivouac when they pass the night in the open air, or under shelters hastily 

 constructed of branches, brush, straw, &c. 



When infantry are to bivouac, (PI. 20, fig. 1,) they are formed on the ground they are to 

 occupy in columns of attack, but the distances between the platoons must not be less than 20 

 paces, and the men open out well in ranks ; they then stack arms where they stand, hang their 

 belts and helmets on the stacks, (PL 13, fig. 6,) and lay the knapsacks on the ground behind 

 the stacks. 



In this manner the bivouac of a battalion occupies a front of 60 paces and a depth of 80. 



In bivouac the colors remain at their posts — i. e. , between the stacks of the 4th and 5th pla- 

 toons — leaning against the front of the pile of drums. 



The officers, band, and field music, are placed in rear of the battalions. 



PL 20, fig. 3, shows the arrangement of a bivouac which is to be occupied for some time, and 

 when the men are permitted to erect shelters. 



In this case, as soon as the stacks are formed, and the accoutrements hung upon them, the 

 half battalions face outwards, march out clear of the stacks, and then face again to the front. 



This manner of arranging the bivouac ofi"ers the advantage of giving the men more room, but 

 presents the inconvenience of requiring more ground, for each battalion occupies a front of 120 

 paces ; this method can therefore be employed only when the ground permits a great develop- 

 ment. In bivouac, the shelters should be arranged with a certain regularity, leaving free 

 passages between them. 



Although, in PL 20, figs. 2 and 3, particular dimensions are given for the front and depth of 

 the bivouacs of battalions, and the intervals between them, yet, whenever circumstances permit, 

 these dimensions may be increased, so as to give the men more room ; but these dimensions 

 should never be decreased. 



Eegiments of 3 battalions bivouac in one line ; those of 4 battalions, in two lines, 140 paces 

 apart, counting between the heads of the battalions. 



Batteries are placed in bivouac either deployed or in column, as shown in PI 21, figs. 1 and 2. 



In the front line, artillery bivouacs 120 paces in front of the infantry, and is deployed ; in the 

 rear line and reserves, it may be placed behind the infantry, in columns by half batteries. 



The front of the bivouac of a deployed battery is 120 paces ; when in column, by half batteries 

 it is 60 paces. 



An interval of 40 paces is left between the bivouacs of batteries and the nearest battalions. 



When in rear of the infantry, artillery is not placed less than 100 paces from it, counting from 

 the rear of the infantry to the line of guns. 



