176 MILITARY COMMISSION TO EUROPE. 



Batteries in bivouac in front of infantry, even if in reserve, sliould always be unllmbered ; 

 those in rear of the infantry should always be limbered up. 



PI. 21, figs. 3, 4, 5, PI. 22, give examples of the arrangement of the bivouacs of brigades and 

 divisions, both in the line of battle and in reserve. 



The examples of bivouacs given should be regarded only as guides ; for the ground, and other 

 circumstances, may often make it necessary to depart from them, both in the distribution of the 

 troops and with regard to the intervals between them. 



The troops of the advanced guard, when in sight of the enemy, always bivouac in the order of 

 battle ; therefore, the arrangements of their bivouac must dejjend upon the nature of the ground, 

 and cannot be determined by any arbitrary rules. 



If the troops are to pass the night in readiness for action, they are placed in bivouac a little in 

 rear of the position for battle ; the different parts may also be closed a little nearer together, so 

 as to hold them better in hand. 



In bivouac, the cartridge wagons of the advanced guard and lines of battle are placed witli the 

 quarter guards, instead of with the fieldguards ; in this case, care must be taken to have the 

 kitchen and other fires at a safe distance. 



The rest of the wagons are arranged as prescribed in the cavalry regulations. 



In bivouac, guards are posted as in encamjnncnts, observing what follows : 



1. In divisions arranged in two lines, (PL 21, fig. 5, PL 22, fig. 1,) the regiments of the 1st 

 line post field guards, those of the 2d line post quarter guards ; in addition, there may be, if 

 necessary, sergeants' guards on the flanks, to connect the chains of the field and quarter guards. 



2. In divisions posted in reserve, (PL 22, figs. 2 and 3,) the 4th regiment posts field guards, 

 the 1st regiment posts quarter guards, the 2d and 3d post field guards on the flanks. 



3. Camp guards are 10 paces in front of the centre of the troops posting them. 



4. In regiments of 4 battalions, arranged in 2 lines, tlie camp guard is posted ojiposite the 

 interval between the battalions of the 1st line ; if there is a battery in this interval, the guard 

 is posted on its right. 



5. The sentinels posted over the arms, at the angles of the battalions, (PL 20, figs. 2 and 3,) 

 are arranged as in encampments, with the difference, that, for a regiment of 4 battalions, in two 

 lines, (PL 20, fig. 2,) two posts are necessary for the exterior angles of the 2d and 3d 

 battalions. 



6. In bivouac, there is a sentinel at the hut of tlie battalion commander. 

 A guard may be posted at the quarters of detached commanders. 



In all other respects the rules for cavalry biouvacs ai:)ply to those of infantry. 



ARMS, ACCOUTREMENTS, ETC. , OF THE INFANTRY. 



The mass of the infantry are armed simply with the musket and bayonet; all sergeants, some 

 of the regiments of the guard, and the elite companies of all regiments, have a short sabre. 



The rifle battalion have a rifle, with sword bayonet. 



In the old pattern of belts, still in general use, there were two thin, broad shoulder belts — 

 one for the cartridge box, the other for the bayonet and sword scabbards ; the cap i^ouch on the 

 front of the cartridge-box belt ; no waist belt. 



In the new pattern, there is a single shoulder belt for the cartridge-box, and a waist belt, to 

 which the bayonet and sword scabbards are attached ; the cap pouch is on the end of the 

 cartridge-box. 



The cartridge-box contains 60 rounds. 



