254 MILITARY COMMISSION TO EUROPE. 



In each squadron — 



2 captains 2 pack animals. 



4 lieutenants 2 " " 



Officers' mess 1 " " 



Sergeants' mess, &c 1 



a 



Total for each squadron 6 pack animals. 



Recapitula tion. 



Staff 12 pack animals. 



4 squadrons 24 " " 



For ammunition, cacolets, and subsistence 12 " " 



Total for a regiment of 4 squadrons 1 cart and 48 pack animals. 



The led horses of the squadrons are used as pack animals, and counted in the number 

 as given above ; officers are not usually permitted to pack their spare riding horses. 



At the commencement of a campaign, each lieutenant of cavalry receives $125 for the purchase 

 of his outiit ; a captain receives $250 ; if a lieiitenant is promoted during the campaign, he 

 receives the difference between the two sums. 



During a campaign the officers are permitted to draw rations from the commissary department 

 at cost prices, paying their bills monthly. 



In the Crimea, the mass of the French troops had no other shelter than the tente d'abri, 

 (shelter tent ;) as late as October, 1855, the African chasseurs, the cuirassiers, some of the other 

 cavalry, and most of the infantry of the line, had only the shelter tent ; the imperial guard and 

 the artillery were provided with the regulation tent. During the first winter, very few of the 

 troops had more than the shelter tent. This is composed of pieces of linen 5' square, having 

 button holes along one edge, and buttons along the adjoining edge ; each man carries one piece. 



The annexed sketch shows the 

 manner of forming the shelter ; the 

 two sticks, each about 4' long, are 

 stuck in the ground a little more 

 than 5' apart ; they are connected 

 by a small cord, drawn tight, which 

 is passed around each about 3^' 

 above the ground ; the ends of this 

 cord are attached to pins, as shown 

 in the figure. Two pieces of cloth are then buttoned together, and thrown over the rope between 

 the sticks ; their lower edges are secured to small pins ; the roof of the shelter is thus complete. 

 Generally 3 men unite to form one shelter ; the third man arranges his piece of cloth over the 

 end of the shelter which is most exposed to the weather. If 5 men unite to form a shelter, it is 

 made double the length shown in the sketch. 



Sometimes jointed sticks are carried to support the shelter ; sometimes stakes are cut on the 

 ground ; occasionally the musket is used for the purpose. 



When the camp is somewhat permanent, it is usual to dig a little cellar, and bank up the 

 earth outside. 



