.No. I. ETHNOLOGY. 189 



and we picked up many articles of human workmanship in 

 bone, wood, and ivory. In Grinnell Land, still further 

 north, we found that Norman Lockyer Island, in Franklin 

 Pierce Bay, must at one time have been the home of 

 numerous Eskimo. On August 11, 1875, I landed and 

 walked along the northern shore of this island for some two 

 miles ; it was strewed with the bones of walrus, whilst skulls 

 of this animal were lying about in hundreds, all broken more 

 or less by human agency, in every instance the tusks having 

 been extracted. Skulls of Phoca barbata and Phoca hispida, 

 broken at the base in order to extract the brain, were numer- 

 ous, and I came across large portions of the skeleton of a 

 cetacean. Patches of green moss marked the sites of ancient 

 dwellings, and circles of stones those of summer tents, whilst 

 numerous stone caches* and cooking-places now overgrown with 

 moss and lichen, but containing calcined bones, bore witness 

 to the former presence of inhabitants. At Cape Harrison, on 

 the western side of Franklin Pierce Bay, I observed two or 

 three circles of stones placed on a terrace at a height of over 

 100 feet above present sea- level: this was the greatest eleva- 

 tion at which I observed remains of habitations on the shores 

 of Smith Sound. At various other places in Grinnell Land, 

 still further north, notably at Cape Hilgard, Cape Louis 

 Napoleon, Cape Hayes, and Cape Frazer, we .came across old 

 traces of Eskimo. At Radmore Harbour, in lat. 80 25' N., 

 we found the ruins of another large settlement, apparently as 

 long deserted as the one on Norman J^ockyer Island. After 

 removing the green moss and overturning some of the stones 

 that had once formed the walls of the igloos, several interest- 

 ing ivory relics were discovered. On Bellot Island, at the 

 entrance of Discovery Bay, lat. 81 44' N., were rings of 

 lichen-covered stones that marked the sites of old encamp- 

 ments, fragments of bone and chips of drift-wood being 

 strewn around. In the neighbourhood of Discovery Bay 

 Dr. Moss, of H.M.S. ' Alert,' picked up the fragment of a 

 human femur. A few miles south of Cape Beechey we found 

 more circles of tent-stones ; and near at hand a small heap 



