282 APPENDIX. No. IX. 



Of these twenty Greenland and Grinnell Land Echino- 

 derms, 



Fourteen are common to America and Europe ; 



Three are known as American and not European ; 



Two are known as European and not American ; 



One now first recorded from Grinnell Land only. 



Analysis similarly shows that fourteen out of the twenty 

 are Grinnell-Landic. And of these, 



Eleven are common to America and Europe ; 



Two are known as European and not American ; 



One from Grinnell Land only. 



Reasoning from present information, the writers are of 

 opinion that the character of the Echinifauna under con- 

 sideration is the effect of local modification acting upon a 

 great polar distribution rather than of intercontinental emi- 

 gration simply. 



