294 APPENDIX. No. XII. 



many ways. First it is almost identical in elementary struc- 

 ture with Halichondria sanguined, Johnston ( Brit. Spong.' 

 1842, p. 133), originally described, with a figure of its 

 spicule, by Dr. Grant in 1826, under the name of Spongia 

 sanguined (' Edinb. Phil. Journ.' pi. cxxi., fig. 9), which, 

 together with his Sp. papillaris, are the two commonest 

 sponges on this coast (Budleigh-Salterton, Devon), where 

 they can be found at all tides in great abundance a little 

 below high-water mark. Secondly, Dr. Bowerbank, from the 

 orange colour and cork-like tissue of Halichondria sanguinea, 

 the tendency of its spicules to a pin-like form, and the fact 

 that, in one instance, he found the identical form of flesh- 

 spicule which characterises Vioa Johnstonii* Sdt., and (as I 

 hope soon to show) several other sponges of this kind (' Brit. 

 Spong.,' vol. i. pi. iii. fig. 72, p. 239), points out that both 

 Semisuberites arctica and Halichondria sanguined belong 

 to the family Suberitida, of which I also hope soon to give a 

 full account with all hitherto described species in its different 

 groups. Thirdly, a similar specimen of the same sponge, but 

 much larger, from Spitsbergen, was presented to the British 

 Museum by the Rev. A. E. Eaton in 1873. 



No. 2. Halichondria panicea, Johnston. 



With larger spicules than those of the common British 

 species, and histodermal coat like that of the deep-sea 

 (Atlantic) form. 



Nos. 3, 4, and 5. Sycon raphanus, Sdt., Ute glabra, Sdt., and Leucoso- 

 lenia coriacea, Bk. These three are calcareous sponges. 



In the mounted sand taken from the jar which contained 

 Semisuberites arctica are also present the remains of many 

 other sponges, viz. the perfected flesh-spicule of Melonanchora 

 elliptica ('Ann.' 1874, vol. xiv. p. 212, pi. xiii. fig. 9), the 

 larger spicule of Corticium abyssi (ib. 1873, vol. xii. p. 18, 

 pi. i. figs. 3-5), also large bihamates (fibulce), probably of 

 an Esperia, and many other spicules whose forms, although 

 different, do not characterise any sponge in particular. 



