232 A NATURALIST IN THE TRANSVAAL. 



Pyrameis cardui is found on the wing throughout the year, and its 

 constancy of appearance seems also equalled by Junonia cebrene. 

 The protective resemblance of Hamanumida dadalus has been 

 described (ante, p. 41) ; but the lepidopterist has still much to 

 observe on this point with other species, for in a world governed 

 by unvarying natural laws, causation is now seen to have a new 

 meaning, and not a butterfly possesses its peculiar coloration 

 outside the rule of natural selection. Our admiration expressed 

 for beauty alone is simply a confession of our ignorance. 



In the Pierinse the genus Teracolus frequents the warmer 

 valleys of Natal and Zoutpansberg, and is moderately scarce 

 around Pretoria. Colias electro, is apparently on the wing 

 throughout the year, and can be found alike in gardens and 

 across the bare veld. 



Some of the butterflies are exceedingly scarce and local, and 

 it was only on one restricted spot near Pretoria that I ever saw 

 the beautiful lycsenid lolaus bowkeri, but in this narrow strip 

 of scrub it could always be found during the season. I have 

 appended the dates at which I found the species, but of course 

 these in most cases simply relate to my own experience, and do 

 not define the total period of the insect's appearance. 



Fam. NYMPHALID^E. 



Subfam. DANAIN^:. 



Danais chrysippus, Linn. (Throughout the year) Pretoria. 

 Var. alcippus, Cram. Pretoria. 



Var. dorippuSj Klug. Pretoria. 



Subfarn. SATYBIN^E. 



Ypthima asterope, Klug. (May) Zoutpansberg. 



Pseudonympha narycia, Wallengr. (Dec.) Pretoria. 



Pseudonympha vigilans, Trim. (Dec.) Pretoria. 



Mycalesis perspicua, Trim. (May) Zoutpansberg. 



Melanitis leda. Linn. (Aug. & Sept.) Pretoria. 



Subfam. 



Acraa horta, Linn. (Nov.) Pretoria. 



Acraa neobule, Doubl. (Feb. & Sept.) Pretoria, 



(May) Zoutpansberg. 



