Farm Animals and Principles of Feeding 293 



should be more concentrated to furnish nourishment 

 without too much bulk. Less hay and more grain is 

 therefore required by the horse. 



A ration that contains protein, carbohydrates, and fats Balanced 

 in correct proportion is spoken of as " balanced." Many caMe* 

 tests have shown that the amounts of these three food 

 materials that are needed to make a suitable daily ration 

 for a thousand-pound cow when dry, and when giving 

 thirty pounds (three and three fourths gallons) of milk, 

 are as follows : 



For the cow when she is giving milk, it will be 

 noticed that the protein and fats are increased much 

 more, in proportion, than is the carbohydrate. 



A dry cow will do very well on hay alone if it is of Feeds that 

 good quality, but if she is thin, she should also have a 

 little grain, such as corn or oats. A cow giving milk 

 needs more concentrated feed, and some of this should be 

 of a kind that is rich in protein, such as bran and cotton- 

 seed meal. With good alfalfa or clover hay the amount 

 of concentrated feed required is less than if timothy 

 hay is used. (Exp. 3.) An ox at heavy work requires 

 about the same proportion of protein in its feed as 

 does a cow giving milk. The cells in the muscles of a 

 work animal are constantly being broken down and 

 must be repaired with protein. 



