386 PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS OF 



* Soiaal Organism,' but Carlyle saw early and utilised 

 nobly the beauty and the truth of the metaphor. 



In the month of May, 1 840, the foregoing wordd 

 were spoken. Harking back to 1831, we find him at 

 Craigenputtock, drawing this picture : ' As I rode 

 through the Schwarzwald I said to myself: That little 

 fire which glows star-like across the dark-growing moor, 

 where the sooty smith bends over his anvil, and thou 

 hopest to replace thy lost horseshoe is it a detached, 

 separated speck, cut off from the whole universe ; or is 

 it indissolubly joined to the whole ? Thou fool, that 

 smithy-fire was primarily kindled at the sun.' (Joule 

 and Mayer were scientifically unborn when these words 

 were written.) He continues : 'Detached, separated ! 

 I say there is no such separation ; nothing hitherto was 

 ever stranded, cast aside ; but all, were it only a withered 

 leaf, works together with all, and lives through perpetual 

 metamorphoses.' With its parts in ' aBterne alterna- 

 tion ' the universe presented itself to the mind of Car- 

 lyle. l The drop which thou shakest from thy wet hand 

 rests not where it falls, but to-morrow thou findest it 

 swept away ; already on the wings of the north-wind 

 it is nearing the Tropic of Cancer. How came it to 

 evaporate and not lie motionless? Thinkest thou 

 there is ought motionless ; without force and utterly 

 dead ? ' l Such passages and they abound in his 

 writings might justify us in giving Carlyle the credit 

 of poetically, but accurately, foreshadowing the doctrine 

 of the Conservation of Energy. As a physiologist 

 describes the relation of nerve to muscle, he hits off 

 the function, and the fate, of demagogues in revolu- 

 tionary times : ' Record of their thought remains not ; 

 death and darkness have swept it out utterly. Nay, 



1 Sartor Resartus, Library Edition, pp. 68, 69. 



