No. 4.] LESSONS FROM THE CENSUS. 77 



are arranged iu the order of their proportion of native-born 

 white citizens. 



Another classification of interest, as showing the direc- 

 tions in whicli the energy of this imported population goes, 

 is shown by the next diagram, which gives a classification 

 of wage earners as shown in 1890, both for native whites, 

 for foreign born, and for negroes. 



The seven great States of the Union in point of popula- 

 tion are, in order, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, 

 Missouri, Texas and Massachusetts. In this group Ohio has, 

 since the last census, been disi)laced by Illinois, and Massa- 

 chusetts has had to give place to Texas. The great States 

 have, on the whole, grown at about the average rate, their 

 percentage of increase being 21.7. 



The general result of an examination of the census returns 

 can but be favorable to American pride and American hope- 

 fulness. The country is growing in strength and in wealth 

 at an enormous rate. Every day shows an addition to the 

 population of 4,000, increases the number of school children 

 by 800, adds 29,000 acres to the cultivated farms, shows an 

 increase of $1,000,000 in manufactures, and contributes 7|- 

 million dollars to the national wealth. These figures are 

 striking, and the numberless small streams which go to make 

 up this total in population, in wealth, in resources, come 

 from many directions. A study of their sources and of their 

 character may well form a part of the equipment of the 

 student, as well as afibrd the basis of practical decisions to 

 the manufacturer, the farmer and to all others eno-aaed in 

 practical affairs. 



As incomplete as this review of the work of the census 

 has been, it cannot fail, I think, to call to your attention 

 the fact that this great collection of material furnishes 

 abundant food for thought for the serious man, whether he 

 belongs to one of the professions, whether he is in agricult- 

 ure or in manufactures, whether he is in a trade or a private 

 business of his own, and whether he is native born or a son 

 of the country by adoption. Furthermore, problems which 

 are here suggested are not alone those which refer to material 

 advancement, to the increase of wealth, to the development 

 of agriculture, manufactures or the arts ; they have to do, 



