No. 4.] BIRDS AND WOODLANDS. 



313 



serting the name of any bird in the list. The list is larger 

 than that given of birds attacking any other of the hair}^ 

 caterpillars, because more attention has been paid to the 

 enemies of this pest. No doubt as many species of birds 

 may be found attacking other hairy caterpillars. 



Yellow-billed cuckoo, 



Black-billed cuckoo, 



Hairy woodpecker, 



Downy woodpecker, 



Yellow-bellied sapsucker. 



Flicker, 



Kingbird, 



Great-crested flycatcher, 



Phoebe, 



Wood pewee, 



Least flycatcher. 



Blue jay, 



Crow, . 



Red-winged blackbird, 



Baltimore oriole. 



Bronzed grackle or crow l^lackbird, 



Chipping sparrow. 



Song sparrow, 



Towhee, 



Rose-breasted grosbeak, 



Indigo bunting, 



English sparrow, 



Scarlet tanager. 



Red-eyed vireo, 



Yellow-throated vireo, 



White-eyed vireo, 



Black-and-white warbler. 



Golden-winged warbler, 



Nashville warbler, 



Parula warbler, 



Yellow warbler. 



Chestnut-sided warbler, 



Maryland yellow-throat, 



Black-throated green warbler. 



Oven-bird, 



American redstart. 



Catbird, 



Brown thrasher. 



House wren. 



White-breasted nuthatch, 



Red-breasted nuthatch, 



Chickadee, 



Wood thrush, 



Wilson's thrush, 



American robin. 



Bluebird. 



Birds feeding on the Brovm-tail Moth Caterpillar (Euproctis 

 chrysorrhcea, Linn. ) . 

 So far only 29 species of birds have been observed to 

 attack the brown-tail moth. All of these, it is believed, eat 

 the caterpillars, but the flycatchers attack mainly the flying 

 moths. Birds appear at times to reduce the initial colonies 

 of these pests to harmless numbers. The English sparrow 

 occasionally eats a few caterpillars or imagos, but appears 

 to spend more than an equal amount of time in driving more 

 useful birds away from the infested trees. 



Yellow-billed cuckoo. 

 Black-billed cuckoo, 

 Kingbird, 



Great-crested flycatcher, 

 Least flycatcher, 



Blue jay, 



Crow, 



Red-winged blackltird, 



Baltimore oriole, 



Bronzed grackle or crow blackbird. 



