No. 4.] BIRDS AND WOODLANDS. 317 



Yellow-billed cuckoo, 

 Black-billed cuckoo, 

 Whippoorwill, 

 Chimney swift, 

 Pha3be, 



Blue jay, 

 Baltimore oriole, 

 Robin, 

 English sparrow. 



Birds feeding on the May Beetle or its Larva, the Wldte 

 Grub (Genus Lachnostermi) . 

 As the white grubs live in the ground, they probably are 

 not eaten by many birds except such as, like the robin and 

 blackbird, follow the plow. It is this grub that eats the 

 grass roots in lawns and fields, thereby destroying the turf, 

 sometimes in great patches. Crows, robins and blackbirds 

 know where to find these larvoa and how to unearth them. 

 The mature insect, or May beetle, feeds on the foliage of the 

 trees and flies in the night. It is then captured on the wing 

 by owls and whippoorwills. Hawks also find them occasion- 

 ally, and the omnivorous crows and jays destroy many more. 



Sparrow hawk, 

 Screech owl, 

 Flicker, 

 Whippoorwill, 

 Night hawk. 

 Blue jay. 

 Crow, 



Kingbird, 



Red-winged blackbird. 

 Bronzed grackle or crow 



blackbird, 

 Brown thrasher, 

 American robin. 



Birds feeding on Plant Lice (Aphidse). 

 Most of the following birds feed largely on the aphides 

 which infest the gray birch and other forest trees. Most 

 warblers and the indigo bird are particularly active in this 

 respect. The chickadee and the redstart are also among the 

 most useful species. The swifts and smaller flycatchers catch 

 many of the flying imagos. No doubt this is also true of 

 the swallows, although we have not yet observed swallows 

 feeding on these insects. Probably most of the smaller birds 

 feed upon aphides when they are plentiful, but it is not likely 

 that the larger species often seek out such minute insects. 

 The woodpeckers which eat ants, especially the flicker and 

 downy woodpecker, also eat aphides. 



Downy woodpecker, 

 Flicker, 

 Chimney swift. 



Ruby-throated humming bird, 

 Wood pewee, 

 Least flycatcher, 



