334 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. [Pub. Doc. 



ground, remove the injector and close up the hole with earth 

 pressed down by the foot. This treatment usually needs to 

 be made Init once, when the maggots first appear, but would 

 probably be more effective with cabbage and cauliflower than 

 with onions, turnips and radishes, where the carbolic acid 

 emulsion treatment is preferable. 



Looking for and crushing the eggs and maggots by hand 

 is also highly recommended, where labor is cheap. 



Flea Beetles. 

 Flea beetles of several kinds are often present in destruc- 

 tive abundance on various plants early in spring. They feed 

 on the tissues, making little holes, and when disturbed take 

 sudden leaps which make it difficult to capture them. The 

 young of these insects are stem and leaf miners, but rarely 

 do sufficient damage to require treatment. For the beetles 

 themselves, spraying the plants attacked, with Paris green, 

 arsenate of lead or any of the stomach poisons is usually 

 entirely effective ; though, as various plant diseases often 

 begin at the holes made by these insects, it is generally better 

 to use Bordeaux mixture with a little of the poison added, as 

 Bordeaux mixture appears to be successful against flea beetles 

 as well as being a fungicide. 



Cut Worms. 



Under the name " cut worms " are included the caterpillars 

 of a large number of kinds of moths, which hide in the 

 ground during the daytime and feed at night. 



In cases where these pests are known to be abundant in 

 sod land which is to be cultivated, it is advisable to plow 

 quite early in the fall, and apply the potash which is to be 

 used at this time, kainit being strongly recommended by 

 some writers as probably the best form of fertilizer to use 

 for this purpose, as it is objectionable to the insects. 



Cut worms can also be destroyed by the use of traps. To 

 prepare these, spray a small piece of clover or any juicy 

 plant with one of the stomach poisons (one pound of the 

 poison to fifty gallons of water) , and then mow it close and 

 spread this poisoned food in little heaps here and there over 

 the field, which should be ready for planting. The cut 



