RONDELETIA 



easily at anv time, and these may be grown in pots for 

 a season. Barring the tendency to stooling, they do 

 well planted out. Sandy loam and leaf-soil is the best 

 compost, and a warm greenhouse, with sunshine, fur- 

 nishes the best conditions. t. D. Hatfield. 

 A. Fls. red. 

 B. Iivs. opposite. 

 odorata, Jacq. (Bondeletia specidsa, Lodd.). Lvs. 

 ovate, nearly sessile: clusters 10-30-fld. : fls. crimson to 

 brick-red. with a conspicuous yellow throat; lobes 



ROOT -GALLS 



1545 



2143. Rondeletia cordata (XUl. 



elliptical to roundish. Cuba. Mex. B. 2:53. B.M. 

 3953. B.R. 22:1905. F.C. 1:36. L.B.C. 19:1893 P.M. 

 2:2+2; 16:354. R.H. 1891:522 (throat not conspicuously 

 yellow). 



3E. Leaves in S's. 



an6mala, Hort. Figured in J.H. III. 35:251 with 8 fls. 

 in a cluster, the fls. % in. across, with roundish lobes. 

 The color is said to be coral-red or deep scarlet and the 

 throat is presumably yellow. Habitat ( ? | . Imperfectly 

 known. 



AA. Fls. pink to ivhite. 

 B. Base of lvs. more or less cordate. 



cordata, Benth. (i?. cordita. Planch. B. thyrsifUra, 

 Hort., not Roth.). Fig. 2143. Lvs. ovate, acuminate, 

 cordate; gciierallv said to have pink or flesh-colored fls. 

 with a vellow throat (as in F.S. 8:754, page 13), but in 



BB. Base of lvs. not cordate. 

 c. Corolla-lobes ovate: stipules broadly ovate. 

 amoena, Hemsl. [B. amcena, Planch.). Lvs. elliptic, 

 broader than in B. gratissima, and shorter acuminate, 

 2-5 in. long: fls. rose-pink, with a conspicuous yellow 

 throat. Guatemala. F.S. 5:442. Sea also B. versicolor 

 in supplementary list. 



CC. Corolla-lobes obeordate: stipules subulate. 



gratissima, Hemsl. {B. gratissima, Linden). Lvs. 

 oblong -elliptic, 1-2 in. long, short -petioled, mostly 

 rounded at the base: fls. with a bright rosy tube, the 

 lobes fading from pale rose to whitish; throat not con- 

 spicuously yellow. Trop. Amer. I.H. 28:424. F.S. 

 15:1570 (corolla-lobes often obovate; stipules narrowly 

 ovate). Gt. 490 (as B. elegantissima) . 



The following species would probably be desirable additions, 

 as they represent other colors than the above: R. Americana, 

 Linn. White-fld. West Indies and S. Amer.— iS. Backhoum, 

 Hook., a pink-fld. species from trop. Amer., is easily distin- 

 goished from those mentioned above by the much longer calys- 



lobes, which .ire pink. B.M. 6290.—/?. Purdiei, Hook., a be.<iu- 

 tiful pale yellow-lid. species from Colombia, has a great pyra- 

 midal cluster 5 in. across and 4 in. deep, with an astonishing 

 number of fls.. perhaps IStt-iOd in B.M. 5669.— J?, versicolor. 

 Hook., is referred to R. amoen.l by In<lex Keweiisis but seems 

 distinct. The tis. are said to be "remarkable for their play of 

 colors: thr tiilif is yillnw; the limb in bud deep rose-color, 

 chan^'ini^ \\li> ti rh. \ r\j.:in,l to pale rose and then to white, 

 with ;i \-i]'.''V. >l;sk :iii.| h;iving a two-lobed green spot in the 



center fii.if] tii I'l- I'f the stigmas, which protrude a little 



beyond till- 111. .nil]." I!, M. 4579. W. M. 



ROOT CELLARS. See Storage. 



ROOT-GALLS. Abnormal enlargements often appear 

 on the roots of plants. These enlargements are much 

 more frequent than is generally supposed, but from 

 their position under ground are rarely observed. From 

 an economic standpoint they have not received the 

 attention that tbi y merit. 



Althiiujii i;,r I. 1 111 rijiit-gall is usually applied to the 



abnonii.il _ iii of roots due to insects and other 



animiil . li:is a much wider application as 



used liv 11, . 1 1 lull' .rowers. The presence of nodules 

 or local enlarfieiiieiits on the roots of yilimts bus been 

 discussed by diflerent authors nml.-r tin- niiiin-s root- 

 galls, root-knots, root-swellings, i-ii-. In r-ns, s |n whicli 

 the cause of the nodules of liy].. i iroilu. d iissue is 

 known, special names have been assigui-d to thu enlarge- 

 ments. Thus the gall formed by the eel-worm (Hetero- 

 dera radicicolaj is known as the nematode root-gall 

 (Fig. 2144) ; the enlargement on the roots of cabbage and 

 related plants by the myxomycete {Plasmodiophora 

 Brassicw) is called club-root; the swellings on the roots 

 of the peach, apricot and many other plants, which are 

 of characteristic appearance and usually appear at the 

 crown of the plant, are known as crown-gall. Root 

 tubercles are small gall-like bodies found on the roots 

 of many leguminous plants. They are syinbionic in 

 nature, "the organism causing them being helpful to the 

 plant. See Legunies. 



Abnormal root ..|i|,-,ro.r.tii.'nt* nr.- due to the following 

 causes: (I) aiiimil iiiiri-ii . -, ;i- m rlu Ti.-inatode root- 

 gall (Fig. 2144 I. . _, - :.iii I . -, : ho roots of the 

 grape by tin- i ' i jills frequently 



observed on tin i i~ i i i-. n us ceanothi; (2) 

 vegetable parnsjii -. us m tl Iiili-i-ont :uiil the crown- 

 gall (Fig. 21451: i:;i iiin-liiinii-iil injury, c:iusing exces- 

 sive callous dcv. lojnii, lit, i-o,,t-liiirls. etc. 



In addition to tin- :ilio\ ,■. tin- i-auses of these enlarge- 

 ments are oftentimes obscure or unknown. The form 



^^i^'r-^-^ 





2144. Root Balls due to nematode 



% 



t 



-Tomato roots. 



of crown-gall on the apple, blackberry and a large 

 number of other plants is as yet unkno\vn so far as 

 cause is concerned. It may be caused by a similar 

 organism as that causing the crown-gall on the peach 



