KOSE 



1569 



sod and cow manure. Each spring following, some ma- 

 nure and bone meal is forked into the surface. Liquid 

 manure is given in June when the Roses are in full 

 bloom, and a few times thereafter. The Roses are 

 thoroughly sprayed with Bordeaux mixture when the 

 leafage is fairly out, and once every three or four weeks 



2182. R 



of Rosa rugosa {X }i). 



afterwards. Handpickinff seems the best method of 

 destroying the worms atCecting the buds, and frequent 

 drenchings with the hose abolish the other enemies. 

 In the fall the canes are bent down and fastened to the 

 base of their neighbors, and remain procumbent until 

 the spring cutting-in, which is delayed as late as possi- 

 ble in order not to incite too early a start and to force 

 the buds to "break" low down. After the leaves used 

 in the winter protection have been removed, and the 

 board roof also, the sides of the "box" are allowed to 

 remain a short time in order to shield from the winds. 



The winter of 1898-9 was unusually severe and did 

 more damage to the Roses and other material than any 

 other winter which the writer has experienced at 

 Highland Park. Following is a list of the so-called Hy- 

 brid Remontants (H. R.) that wintered then— under pro- 

 tection— and came out in good condition. These varie- 

 ties may therefore be considered the most suitable for 

 this and kindred climates: Prince Camille de Rohan, 

 H.R.; Magna Charta.H.Ch.; Mrs. R. G. Sharman Craw- 

 ford, H. R.; General Jacqueminot (Rousselet), H. R.; 

 Captain Christy, H. T. (Hybrid Tea); La Rosiere, 

 H. R. ; Captain Hayward, H. R. ; Mrs. Paul, Bour. ; Gar- 

 den Favorite, H. R. ; Louis Van Houtte, H. R. ; Paul 

 Neyron, H. R. (Fig. 2169); John Hopper, H. R. 



The following dozen were in fair condition after the 

 winter and recovered their form during the season: 

 Mme. Victor Verdier, H. R. ; Pierre Notting, H. R. ; 

 Anne de Diesbaeh, H. R. ; Ulrich Brunner, H. R.; Bar- 

 onne Prevost, H. R. ; Eugene Furst, H. R. ; Prince of 

 Wales, H. R. ; Alfred Colomb, H. R. ; Lyonnaise, H. R. ; 

 Mme. Gabriel Luizet, H. R. ; Countess of Oxford, H. R. 



The list of those that winter-killed is too numerous to 

 give, but it is a singular fact that the first list contains 

 forms classed among the Teas and Bourbons. Of the 

 climbing forms that were unprotected, Sosa setigera 

 and its offspring, Prairie Queen, were somewhat injured ; 

 but Greville (Seven Sisters), Crimson Rambler, Thalia, 

 Paul's Carmine Pillar, Multiflora and the Dawson Rose 

 were in fairly good condition when wintered under 

 protection. The failures even when protected were 

 Aglaia, Alister Stella Gray, Euphrosyne, Russell's 

 Cottage, Baltimore Belle, Tennessee Belle. The typical 

 Sweetbriers proved hardy unprotected, but the hybrids 

 of them were killed. Protected Jf. WicTmraiana and 

 its hybrids killed back to the roots ; B. rugosa and 

 most of its hybrids, especially those of Jackson Daw- 



son and Prof. J. L. Budd, unprotected, were all right; 

 Mme. Georges Bruant (Pig. 2165), protected, was killed. 

 Most of the Moss Roses stood well unprotected, espe- 

 cially Crested Moss. 



Clothilde Soupert and Hermosa are the 6est bedders 

 for permanent planting when protected, and the so- 

 called Fairy Roses stand fairly well, especially Mile, 

 ('ecile Brunner. Papa Gontier and Kaiserin Augusta 

 Victoria are among the best of the more tender class 

 that require the protection of a pit in winter. They 

 seem to stand the bieiiiii:il root disturbances well. La 

 France browns ill Hm i.ipI nii.l.r <iur miu, :iiicl, strange 

 to relate, thi- w./. ■ i i. i ii-.-w ili:ii niiI.ihIhI Rose 

 Mrs. John Laii. ..iiIi.t .,n iis ,,wu roots 



or budded. J>. , < - - i-r f. rnujiina). Ii. siiliiosis- 



sima,va,r.Altiii,„. /:. mlchi. J,'. Iiicida and li.luimilis 

 were hardy with.iut pruteoti.m. ■^_ q^ Egan. 



Future Roses for the Prairie States. -West of Lake 

 Michigan, and ncrth of the 4L'd parallel, the fine Roses 

 grown in the open air in the eastern and southern 

 states can be grown only by systematic pruning and 

 winter covering. Of well-known old varieties hardy 

 enough to winter without protection, the list is short. 

 Madame Plantier, White Harison, and Bosa rugosa 

 with some of its hybrids, are hardy between the 40th 

 and 44th parallel, and still farther north the East Eu- 

 ropean a. rugosa and such of its hybrids as Snow- 

 light? Empress of the North and Bosa ntajalis fl. pi., 

 are grown successfully. Figs. 2181 and 2182 show forms 

 of Bosa rugosa; also Figs. 2162-64. 



Of the newer hybrids of B. rugosa now quite widely 

 tested, the most desirable are I. A. C. (Fig. 2183), Ames, 

 Madame Georges Bruant (Fig. 2184), Madame Charles 

 Frederick Worth, and Thusnelda. Kaiserin (Fig. 2185) is 

 also to be commended. It is suggestive- that these have 

 come from crossed seeds of what is known in Europe as 

 Bosa rugosa,Ya,T. Begeliana (p. 1556), and which we know 

 as the Russian Bosa rugosa. The first two named came 

 from seeds of Bosa Begeliana introduced by the writer 

 in 1883 crossed with pollen of General Jacqueminot, and 

 the last three were developed from seeds of B. Begeliana 

 in Germany as stated by L. Spiith, of Rixdorf near 

 Berlin. They are all fine double Roses of the class 

 shown in Fig. 2183, of the two produced at Ames, and 

 all have retained to a large extent the foliage and habit 

 of blooming of B. rugosa. The Russian B. rugosa as 

 introduced from Russia by the writer is divided into two 

 very distinct classes. The one from the Amur valley in 





2183. The I. A. C. Rose (X J^). 



One of the best hybrids of Eosa rugosa for the prairie 



states. (I. A. C.=Iowa Agricultural College.) 



North Central Asia is a very strong, upright grower 

 with lighter colored bark, stronger thorns, thicker and 

 more rugose leaves, and larger flowers than the Japan 

 type, but its hips are smaller. The one from Russia In 

 Europe is spreading and pendent in habit. When 4 ft. 

 in height it has a spread of too of fully 6 ft. Its leaves 



