1570 



EOSE 



also have a darker shade of green than the Japanese 

 type, and its buds are longer, more pointed, and show 

 between the narrow folded petals shades of rich red and 

 crimson. Its clusters of flowers also differ, as it has 

 four to five flower-buds together,while the Japanese type 

 has only two to three. In addition, we now know by 

 trial that both these Russian types may be grown suc- 

 cessfully two degrees farther north than the Japanese 

 rugosa. 



over a dozen of the best garden varieties was used, 

 but that of General Jacqueminot was used most exten- 

 sively, as it produces pollen most freely. The final 

 result was quite unexpected, as no double variety with 

 rugose leaves was produced when the pollen of any 

 variety was used except that of (icnc-iiil .l:irquiiiiiuot. 

 From 497 flowers of iJ. r«r/osa f erf ili/.r. I willi |iollrii from 

 General Jacqueminot, we grew 2.').'! |.hi: it V. I'rcm these 

 we were able to select over 20 vurii-tiis with double 

 flowers ranging in number of petals from 15 to 150, 

 with handsome rugosa foliage and surprising vigor of 

 growth. Nearly all showed the crimson color of petals 

 of the male parent. 



At the same time we polliiiatprl the blossoms of our 

 native species Ji'^.^rr hlmnhi ;iimI Ji'.ish A rkansatia with 

 pollen of Gener:.! .I:,r.|u, miiM,! :,,nl ..tli.r Hybrid Per- 

 petuals, but wholly witli.Mii \ almilil.- results, as the 

 crosses seemed too violent. .M..>t of tin' hybrids showed 

 modified foliage and habit of growth, but all except 

 three bore single flowers. The three double varieties 

 developed blossom-buds freely, but in no cases have the 

 blossoms expanded into perfect flowers. When appar- 

 ently ready to expand they began to turn black in the 

 center and drop off. It is also well to state that the 

 pollen of White and Yellow Harison used on Mosa 

 rugosa, var. Bcgclinna. developed remarkably vigorous 

 hybrids which sn v chi-tn-; of promising buds, but up 

 to the present no' :i -o: i. iioivor-lmd has fully ex- 

 panded. The 111' i ' 111. howi-ver, reported 

 better results «i i i llarisou's Yellow and 

 rugosa (A. G. l>:i", i-- '■'■'':, :""i .i iiicturc of one of his 

 hybrids is shown in Fig. 21SG. As iu Europe, our 

 marked success has been with the pollen of General 

 Jacqueminot, which seems to show a near affinity to all 

 the types of M. rugosa. 



With increased experience other cultivated varieties 

 ■will be discovered that will cross in a profitable way with 

 B. rugosa, and still others will be found that will cross 

 profitably with our native species. At present, how- 

 ever, the east European i?. rngosa seems to be the most 

 promising progenitor of the future Roses of the North- 

 west. We already have fine double varieties with 60 

 petals, such as the I. A. C, with the rich color of 

 General Jacqueminot and the fine leaves of-i2. rugosa. 

 The main trouble at present is in propagation. As with 

 the type, the best hybrids of M. rugosa are difiicult to 

 grow from cuttings. We find that they can be budded 

 readily on strong seedlings of our native species. 



It may be in the near future that the seeds of the 

 large-growing Wild Roses of the Black Hills will be 

 used by propagators for stock-growing. When that 



time comes we already 

 theNorththat i-"iii|iaro l:iv..r;ii 

 of more equalilo I'liiniili ^i 

 advised, as the \ i^j-ir oi > , 

 able. On the wniei - 1, 

 variety three year.s oM iliai 

 several stems three-futirths of 



\ Itli i!ie best varieties 



i n liii.ls is remark- 

 . i.i, h of the Ames 

 uui.- ; It. high, with 

 inch in diameter. 



J. L. BUDD. 

 Boses in Southern Calif ornia. — In many localities in 

 southern California the Queen of Flowers attains a per- 

 fection probably found nowhere else. That this perfec- 

 tion is not general throughout southern California is 

 partially owing to adverse conditions, such as great 

 range of temperature during each twenty-four hours, 

 heavy fogs at critical periods, etc., but as a rule, failure 

 in whole or in part is due to the lack of intelligent treat- 

 ment. The chief obstacle to successful culture is the 

 attempt to produce blooms evecy day of the year. 

 Although this practice is quite an impossibility with 

 any Rose, the evil is still persisted in by ninety-nine in 

 every hundred possessors of a garden. While Roses 



grown in great profusion in Los Angeles, few, if 

 any, do as well here as in Pasadena, which, although 

 miles distant, has the advantage of being 



only 



several hundred feet higher than Los Angeles, and 

 therefore less subject to fog or great range in daily 

 temperature. In some places a certain few Roses will 

 produce an astonishingly fine crop of bloom, when but 

 a mile or two distant, with no change of soil and very 

 slight difference in altitude, they will be utterly worth- 

 less; while a like number of other varieties will give as 

 good returns as those first mentioned. Consequently 

 the common inquiry at a nursery as to "What are the 

 best dozen Roses I can grow?" is usually met by the 

 equally pertinent query: "In what part of the city do 

 you live?" 



Many Roses do fairly well everywhere, and among 

 these Duchesse de Brabant more nearly produces a con- 

 tinuous crop of blossoms than any other. For this 

 reason it stands in a class by itself and is not consid- 

 ered in the appended list of the best dozen Roses for 

 southern California, though every one should grow at 

 least one bush of this variety. Along with the Duchesse 

 might well be placed the Polyantha Madame Cecil 

 Brunner, and the climbers Cherokee, Banksia, Ophire 

 (or Gold of Ophir), Beauty of Glazenwood or Fortune's 

 Double Yellow. All these produce most wonderful 

 crops, but none more so than the last mentioned, which 

 in favored regions produces a wealth of flowers simply 

 dazzling to behold. Many well-known Calif ornian 

 writers assert that Gold of Ophir and Beauty of Glazen- 

 wood are one and the same Rose, but this is by no 

 means the case and the writer can furnish satisfactory 

 ocular proof to any who choose to doubt this statement. 

 Gold of Ophir was here for many years before the other 

 made its appearance, and some of the original plants 

 are still growing on many of the old homesteads of Los 

 Angeles and vicinity. 



All the Roses named thus far are worthy of a place in 

 any garden. One of the chief causes of failure by the 

 average amateur is the lack of an intelligent knowledge 

 of the plant's first requirement— recurring periods of 

 absolute rest. These necessary resting periods are best 

 secured by the withholding of the water supply. Most 

 amateurs, and a majority of self-styled "gardeners," 

 persist, against all rules of common sense, in planting 

 Roses either in the lawn or in mixed borders with other 

 plants. In either case, all but the Roses require a con- 

 stant watering. Having planted in this fashion, the 

 grower has cast away all chances of first-class results. 

 Rose beds should never be made a feature in landscape 

 gardening, as the plants wlien iloniumt and judiciously 

 pruned are unsightly objeets at ]•<■■■{. Tlie most obscure 

 spot obtainable with tli.^ ]iro)M r i xpo^ine is the place 

 to grow flowers. To ol.tain the i.e^t results the Rose 

 requires the same amuunt uf rest here that it secures 

 where tlie winter season leaves the grower no alterna- 

 tive. But the same amoimt of rest may here be given 

 semi-annually, with equally as good and perhaps better 

 results than is possible with one long annual period of 

 inactivity. 



The writer firmly believes that with a proper exercise 

 of intelligence in the selection of varieties and subse- 

 quent care of plants, better results can be obtained in 

 California than in any other state in the Union. Though 

 some few localities must be excepted, they form but a 

 very sm.all area and may be passed with a mere men- 

 tion of their existence. Climate is the all-important 

 feature of Rose culture in this section, and if that be 

 satisfactory the character of the soil makes little dif- 

 ference. Oizr dry summer air is a serious drawback to 

 the growth of many Roses, there being few places where 

 Moss Roses thrive, and these must be grown in whole 

 or partial shade. Niphetos and Marechal Neil are good 

 examples of Roses requiring partial shade if good re- 

 sults are desired. Many localities cannot grow the two 

 last mentioned, or such as Perle des Jardins, Meteor, 

 Catherine Mermet, Francisca Kruger, Reine Marie 

 Henriette, and many others, on account of mildew. 

 Even among varieties whose buds are immune, it is 

 often impossible to get foliage unaffected. Injudicious 

 watering is more largely to blame for these unfavorable 

 conditions than any other agency. Laurette is a Rose 

 which often produces the only perfect flowers to be 



