1579 



il:i : I : IS simple or coinpt 



i-,,iiij...i ,.i!iij "II the pinnate ordt 

 mostly .) (si-x.-ial in some of the t 

 species). TliB flowers are mostly w: 

 usually in corymbs or racemes but i 

 calyx 5-parted, the lobes persis' ' 

 petals 5, usually oliovatt 

 many, inserted on tlir .■ 

 torus -rim; pistils mai 

 packed on the tortis, u-n 

 ing drupelets but scim 

 when ripe. The drupcle 

 ally more or less coheren 

 ity, the collective body forming the 

 "fruit" or "berry" of horticultur- 

 ists. In the Raspberries, the co- 

 herent drupelets separate from the 

 torus at maturity, causing the berry 

 to be hollow or concave on the under 

 side. In the Blackberries, the co- 

 hc-niit (IniiH'lits also adhere to the 

 turns, wliirli V,.], urates at maturity and form 



U.lutiv.ly fiw of the Rubi have horticultural 

 merit, although some of them are of great im- 

 portance. As pomological subjects they are more 

 important in North America than elsewhere in the 

 world. Here we grow not only Raspberries, which 

 are popular elsewhere, but al.so great quantities of 

 improved Blackberries, a fruit that is little known 

 as a cultivated product in other countries. These 

 Blackberries are the product of our native species, 

 R. nigrobncciis being the chief. Closely allied to 

 them are the Dewberries or trailing Blackberries, 

 which also have been developed fi-om imligenous 

 species, chiefly from B. j'illosiis and S. iiivisns. 

 Although'the European Raspberry, S. Ichvns, is 

 grown in North America, it is mostly unreliable, 

 and the leading commercial sorts are produced 

 from the native li. occidenfalis and B. sfrigostis 

 and from hybrids of the two. Various Japanese 

 species, recently introduced, also produce fruits 

 of value. 



A number of the species are useful as orna- 

 mental subjects, particularly the Rocky Mountain 

 B. deliclosus, the old-fashioned Brier Rose {B. 

 roscefollus), AVineberry [B. phcpuicola.'iiu.s), and 

 B. cratwgifoliiis. For its graceful, tinely cut foli- 

 age, and sometimes for its fruit, B. laciifitrtus is 

 occasionally grown. Some of the unimproved 

 native species are offered by dealers in native 

 plants as worthy subjects for wild borders and 

 rock gardens. The beauty of most shrubby Rubi di 

 pends largely on the removal of the canes after they 

 have bloomed once. After lln-vrrriu-, ttv rrnie become; 



weak or may die outright. Ii ' ' ' '■ 'niMved to thi 



ground. In the meantim 



the root, and these will bl : 4 .M'ar. That 



is, the stems of Rubi are usii.ill^ }\:"y> or h ss perfectly 

 biennial; the first year tliey make tlicir growth in 

 stature; the second year they throw out side branches 

 on which the flowers are borne; after fruiting, the en- 

 tire cane becomes weak or dies (Pig. 2191). Removing 

 these canes not only contributes to conserve the vigor 

 of the plant, but it also adds to its appearance of tidi- 

 ness. These remarks apply with particular force to the 

 cultivation of Raspberries, Blackberries and Dewberries. 

 For other accounts of Rubi, see Blackberry, Dewberry, 

 Locianberry, Baspberry. 



Focke (Engler & Prantl, "Die Natilrlichen Pflanzen- 

 familien") divides the genus Rubus into 11 sections, 

 seven of which are concerned with the species to be 

 described in this work. These seven are as follows: 

 A. Herbaceous species: flowering sJtoots arising from 



the crown of the plant. 

 Section In. Dalibarda. Stamens about 5 : fr. scarcely 



juicy: fls. perfect, on creeping leafy stems: Ivs. 



simple, not lobed. The present writer prefers ' 



sider Dalibarda as a distinct 



on p. 453 of this work. 



Section 1. Chamaemorus. Stamen 



juicy; fls. dioecious, tjorne singly on upright leafy 



stalks: Ivs. simple '"'-"'' ti.- ni„„ • • 



apple Berry, of an 



prized for its fruits, belongs here. 

 Section 2. Cylaotia. Pis. perfect or polygamous, 



singly or several together at the ends of the shoots: 



Ivs. ternate or pedifoi-ra (5-parted ), or sometimes only 



AA. Shrubby species: flow- 

 ering shoots arising 

 from woody canes of S 

 ormore years* growth, 

 B. Plant spineless. 



Section 3. Anoplobatus 

 (batus is Greek for 



bed 



s usually with 

 ly bark ; large, 



id broad torus. 

 BB. Plant spine-bearing (exceptions in some 

 Blackberries). 



Section 4. Batothamnus. Upright shrubs, with 

 sinijtle or Ternate Ivs., small leaflets and droop- 

 ing fls. in mostly short clusters. 



.Skc'Tiiin :">. Idaeobatus. Raspberries, with the co- 

 herent drupuU-ls separating from the torus. 



Section G. Eubatus. Blackberries and Dewberries, 

 with the drupelets adhering to the torus when 



sativiis, 22. 

 Savatieri, 10. 

 sempervirens, 30. 



12. 

 sorbifolius, 12. 

 spectabilis, 11, 19. 

 strigosus, 16. 

 suberectus, 25, 29. 

 trifidxis, 4. 

 triflonis, 2. 

 trivialis, 34. 



viUosu-s! 22. S2. 

 vitifolius. 35. 

 xanthocarpus, 3. 



Section 1. Chailsmokus. 



Linn. Cloudberkt. Bake- 

 pple-Berrt. Yellow Beery. Fig. 2192 (after 

 Card). Creeping: branches her- 

 baceous, covering the ground, 

 pubescent or almost glabrous; 

 Ivs. round - cordate or reniform, 

 shallowly 3- to 5 -lobed, finely 

 dentate : fls. large and white, on 

 solitary terminal peduncles: fr. 

 large, globular, red or yellowish, 

 posed of few soft drupelets, edible. Entirely across 



2192. Cloudberry— 

 Rubus ChaitiEemorus. 



Natur.%1 size. 



and it is so treated 



the continent i 



far south, in tin' l.;i-i, ;<- lii- Ihl'Ii IniMl -I M.i 

 H.; also in F.n ■ i , i li . • i. ..ii . ■ 

 tant of peat 1 1 1 i :, ■ i , ■ i , 



much prized Imi- n - i m ;i . \'. ii i.-ii i- ^m Iht. li i r. 



as a rock garden plant. B. aixticus, Linu., 

 species with trifoliolate Ivs., occurs in nearly the same 

 range, and produces small edible berries. This species 

 belongs to Section 2. 



Section 2. Ctlactis. 



2. trifWrus, Rich. {B.. Americdnus, Britt.). Stems 



slender and trailing, 1-2 ft. long, herbaceous, without 



eachings 



iieundN. 



"t'l.'. I'tis 



ilii-r south 

 , pink-fld. 



