strigdsus M hi (r /i 



gldU 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 



pet oles and 1} \ the latt 

 flower oluste s uore oi en 

 ligrht red or rarely yellow o 



sionally amber-white, dry and sweet. Plentiful in fields 

 and clearings in the northern-eastern states to Oregon 

 and Brit. Columbia and southward to Ga. in the moun- 

 tains, and to Mo. — In cultivation, known in many forms, 



1 negWctna 



Fgs ''C 1 



betwee / 



Peck PlRPLE Ca 



e no th thin the 

 vat the gHndu 

 ht re i gar len ler 

 aibus F Her has 



clu ter a 01 u 1 I II t aufees 



n color from >ell v to j | I \ I he f u t is 



aggregate i at the end t I 1 scatter ng 



below The Purple Cn i t i i I ry belongs 



here. Prominent varieties are Sh.iffei, Philadelphia 



(now nearly out of cultivation), Gladstone, and prob- 

 ably Caroline. 



cc. Black Maspberries (yelloiv -fruited forms are 

 known). 



18. occidentilis, Linn. Common Blackcap. Figs. 

 2201, 2202. Strong, erect bush, the canes finally re- 

 curving and rooting at the tips, furnished with straight 

 spines, glaucous, not bristly; Ifts. broadly ovate, dull 

 green above and white beneath, finely and sharply ser- 

 rate, and notched, the petioles usually bearing short 

 prickles: fls. in small, dense, prickly clusters with 

 sometimes a few scattering pedicels, the petals sliorter 

 than the long-pointed whitish woolly sepals : f r. lather 

 small, hemispherical, firm or even hard, black or occa- 



<^ y V'^.V^ " 



ometimes known as Strawberry-raspberry. 



2198. Rubus pheenicolasius (XJ4). No. 13. 



Var. leucod^rmis, Card (if. Uticodirmis Dougl.). 

 Lfts. more coarsely dentate-serrate, sometimes nearly 

 incise-serrate, the prickles strong and more hooked : fr. 

 reddish black or black. Rocky Sits, and W. 



Section e.. ErBAxrs, or liJnrlcherries and Dewberries. 

 Tlif- iH.tai.y ,.f the Amori.-Mi. Blackberries and Dew- 

 berries is int'TiriiiKihly '■riiiriisjiii^'. If the kind of spe- 

 cics-iiiakiii;; that has h.cii a|.|'lie(l to the European 

 Rubi were appluil to the Amurican, the number of 

 species would straightway be quadrupled or trebled 

 at the least. There is no difficulty in finding forms 

 that are distinct enough to be described as species. 

 The difficulty lies in the endless series of intermedi- 

 ate forms, that confound all efforts at limitation and 

 make printed descriptions of no avail. This difficulty 

 is greatly increased from the fact that the foliage 

 often differs widely between the verdurous and flower- 

 ing shoots of the same plant. There seems to be little 

 utility in separating forms that cannot be distin- 

 guished in at least a fair proportion of the specimens 

 that come to one's hand, however well marked they 

 may be in their extremes. It is to be expected, how- 

 ever, that long-sustained studies in the field, as well 

 as in the herbarium, will discover means of separat- 

 ing some of the forms that are now confused, but it 

 is doubtful if there are any species in this section of 

 Rubus, as the term species is commonly understood. 

 The best one can do is to throw them into groups. 

 For a history of nomenclatorial difficulties in Ameri- 

 can Rubi, see "Evolution of Our Native Fruits." 



A. Blackberries : Plant usually erect or essentially so 



{strong canes often recurving). 

 Group 1. Exotic Blackberries, with mostly perennial 



canes and flowers usually borne on the ends of the 



main shoots. 



19. truticdaus, Linn. European Bramble. Strong- 

 growing, mostly pubescent or hairy on the young parts, 

 usually with strong recurved prickles, the canes often 



