RUBUS 



1585 



Section 5. Sand Blackberries, with 

 and very thorny growths, small fl.-c\ 

 white-tomentose beneath. 



28. cuneiidlins, Pursh (ij. aculitls- 



.limMS, Keasoner). Sand Blackberry. 



Pig. 239, Vol. I. Plant stiff and thorny, 



usually not over 3-4 ft. tall, the 



prickles many, booked, and 



very strong, the young 



growths whi 



Ifts on bearing canes mostly 

 small and thick, wedge-oblong 

 to wedge-obovate, 

 obtuse or nearly 

 so, densely white- 

 tomentose be- 

 neath, the mar- 



larger, often ovate-pointed 

 or elliptic: fl. -clusters 4-10- 

 fld., short, more or less leafy 

 I thorny, the fl. -buds glob- 

 ular and pubescent : fr. 

 medium in size, firm, often 

 sweet and good. Dry fields, 

 Connecticut to the Gulf, 

 and the common Blackberry 

 ■ places. — In cultiva- 

 tion this seems to be repre- 

 sented by the viciously 

 thorny Topsy or Tree Black- 

 berry, although the charac- 

 teristic white t omentum 

 largely disappears under 

 domestication. Were it not 

 for this tomentum, the spe- 

 would be difficult to 

 distinguish from B. flori- 

 dus. 



Section 6. Swamp Blackberries, uith 

 canes and reddish fruits. 



29. setdsus, Bigel. (B. hispidus, vai 

 Peck). Mostly erect, sometimes ascendii 

 slender canes clothed with many weak mostl-y recuived 

 prickles and sometimes conspicuously hispid also, the 

 prickles generally extending to the petioles and inflor- 

 escence: Ifts. oblanceolate to ovate, pointed or aeumi 

 nate, very strong-toothed: fr small, with few drupelets, 

 reddish black. Swamps, Quebec to Pa —Not known to 

 be in the trade, but inserted here because it is confused 

 with a. hispidus and other species. 



AA. Dewberries : Plant trailing or decumbent. 

 Group 1. Swamp Dewberries, ivith weak bristly stems, 

 obovate shiiiiii.j Iflx.. and small red fruit. 



30. hispidus, Linn. | //. nbni'dlis, Michs. R. sempSr- 

 virens, Bii,'i'l.). Kjl,'. ■J_'1ii. Stems very slender, scarcely 

 ■woody but usually persisting over winter, creeping, 

 bearing many weak rellexed small bristles: Ifts. usually 

 3, thick, shining above, wedge-obovate or oval-obovate, 

 usually obtuse, doubly serrate: fls. small, white, on few- 

 flowered herbaceous nearly or quite leafless peduncles 

 arising from the creeping canes: " " ■ - - 



drupelets, red to red-black, sour. Swamps or low sandy- 

 soils. Nova Scotia to Ga. and Kans.-Of no value for 

 the fruit, but sometimes offered by dealers as a subject 

 for covering the ground in moist places. The leaves 

 usually persist through the winter, and in sunny places 

 they assume a fine bronzy hue. 



Group 2. Soft-caned Dewberries, with the stems thin 

 and little ivoody or even almost herbaceous and the 

 peduncles 1-S-fld. 



31. finslenii, Tratt. (B. villdsus, var. humifusus, 



Torr. & Gray. B. Bailey cLnus, Britt.). Plant weak, 



with slender canes lying on the ground, the prickles 



small and relatively few or even none, the flowering 



canes sometimes almost herbaceous although having 



survived the winter: Ifts. small and thin, oval-pointed 



to nearly ovate, irregularly and sharply serrate, nearly 



glabrous (or hairy on the margins and the veins) : fls. 



of good, size, white, solitary (sometimes in 2's) on short, 



leafy peduncles: fr. small and nearly globular, loose, 



black, often good. Sandy places. New York 



and Mich, to Miss. Evol. Native Fruits, Figs. 



77 and 87. — Has been confounded with R.vil- 



lo!,ui, but, as Kubuses go, it seems to be well 



distinguished. Probably not in cultivation. 



Group S. The common Northern 

 Dewberries, with strong, prickly, 

 often half-ascending canes and S- 

 several-fld. peduncles. 

 32. villdsus, Ait. (B. Canadensis,. 

 Authors, not Linn.). Figs. 2211,2212. 

 Canes strong, often several feet long- 

 and usually armed with strong re- 

 curved prickles, not stand- 

 ing alone when full grown 

 _ ,__._^^ .'z but often rising 2 feet from 

 2^ / the ground, the shoots 

 mostly glabrous or becom- 

 ing so: Ivs. of medium size 

 or becoming very large on 

 strong plants, firm and 

 thick, the .3-7 leaflets oval or 



nigrobaccus (X %) 



ih hi'.pid 



2-i tt 



small and of few 



ovate pointed or 

 acuminate and 

 sharply double- 

 toothed fls white, 

 few to several on 

 the ends of short, 

 leafy shoots of the 

 season fr usually 

 globose or short ob- 

 long, shining black, 

 the drupelets usu 

 ally large Fields 

 and roadsides. On 

 tario (and New 

 foundland?) to Fla. 

 and Arizona.— The 

 common Dewberry 

 of the North, oc- 

 curring in many 

 forms in old fields, 

 and often a troublesome pest. There are varieties cult, 

 for the fruit. This is the plant named Biibus villosus 

 by Alton in 1789, although it has been supposed that he 

 had the High-bush Blackberry (B. nigrobaccus) . When 



