1594 SABAL 



2. mauritiaBf6rme, Griseb. & Wendl. Also spelled 

 mauritiiformis t etc. Trunk middle-sized, but occasion- 

 ally attaining 60-80 ft.: Ivs. Unally 12 ft. across; blade 

 suborbicular, longer than the petiole, glaucous beneath, 

 multifld to the middle, with loose fibers between the 

 bifid lobes. West Indies. — The name mauritiieforme 

 does not appear in the American trade, but S. glauces- 

 cens, Lodd. and Hort., probably belongs here, according 

 to Qrisebach. Nehrling writes: "S. glaucescens of the 

 trade rivals S. umbraculiferum in beauty and rapidity 

 of growth. Its leaves, though smaller, have a beautiful 

 bluish green color." 



3. Palmetto, Lodd. Cabbage Palmetto. Fig. 2224. 

 Stem erect, 20-80 ft. high: Ivs. 5-8 ft. long, cordate in 

 outline, recurved at the sinnmit, sliortcr than the 



'ft; ^|.:i.lix spreading, 

 ■ l>l:M-k. ':,->2 in. long. 

 Southern states. S.S. 10:.j(i7. X.V . \1J,1V,.-S. Moclni, 

 Hort., is referred to *S'. Ptilnitfto i.y \'oss, but Nehrling 

 describes it as a stemless plant from Mexico, more 

 beautiful than the Dwarf Palmetto, bearing immense 

 Ivs. on strong stalks, the Ivs. attaining a height of 6-8 

 ft. S. Palmetto has been confused in the European 

 trade with S. Mexicanum. 



4. Blackbumi4num, Glazebrook (S. umbraculiferum. 

 Mart.). Stem 30-40 ft. high, thickened at the middle: 

 blade ample, orbicular, glaucous, rather rigid, shorter 

 than the petiole; lobes about 40, ensiform, bifid, fila- 

 mentous, rather rigid. West Indies. G. F. 4:307. 

 G.C. II. 2:777. Loudon's Gard. Mag. 5:52-57, with 

 several figures.— This species has also been confused in 

 the trade with S. Mexicanum. 



5. Uezic&num, Mart. Stout tree, with trunk some- 

 times 50 ft. tall and 2 ft. in diam. : Ivs. very large, some- 

 times 6 ft. long and 7 ft. wide, divided to the middle 

 into many narrow 2-parted segments, which are filamen- 

 tous on the margins: fr. K in. in diam., globose or 

 sometimes 3-lobed, with thin dry fiesh. Tex., Mex. S.S. 

 10:508.— Nehrling writes: "This species is more robust 

 than those native to Florida; it forms a broader and 

 denser crown of Ivs. and grows more quickly." 



The following are mostly trade names, but at present they 

 can be only imperfectly described: 5. cceruUsceiis. W. Bull. 

 A native of Colombia introduced in 1875. Apparently oidy the 

 juvenile state has been described. Lvs. elongate, linear-lanceo- 

 late, plicate, with a bluish or glaucous green color which is very 

 strongly marked on the under surface. Nehrling writes that he 

 cannot distinguish at present his specimens of S. cffirulescens 

 from S. glaucescens.- S. dealbditim. Hort. "This species," 

 writes Nehrling, "reminds one of .S. Mocini, although it is 

 smaller in all its parts. The leaves are numerous, glaucous 

 green and of a fine fan-shaped form. Compared with the Sabals 

 that form a truuk. tliese stemless species have little beauty, 

 though they look well as folLige plants in company with Cycas 

 revoluta and Dioon edule." The name "dealbatum" means 

 whitened.— S. ahiisbreglitii, Hort., is very similar to S. um- 

 braculifera, according to Mehrling.— 5. glailcum, Hort., Pitcher 

 and Manda. 1895, may "possibly be meant for S. glaucescens. 

 — S. Havanensis, Lodd., according to Nehrling, "is a more up- 

 right grower than S. Blackburnlanum, has a slender stem and 

 the leaf-stalks arelongerand thinner. The leaves have ahluish 

 green color while young, changing to a fine dark green when 

 they get older." Habit<%t unknown. — S. Hodpendorpi, Hort., is 

 cult, by Nehrling.— ,v. Jaiwninnn. Hi.rt., Pit.-licr & Manda, is 

 possibly meant for S. Uj\:,i,.u--- - i,.,. - , .,! i, .m, Ameri- 

 can genus and is in. r kih.'.ti i ~ ' , Il.irt., 

 according to Neliriiiii,' " li;i^ . ■ i , . . •; - Iriuler 

 lvs. which are britilit ;;i-.iii s. Ion- 

 uipedunctddtum, Hort. , ;>mnAin'^ n. Nrinlin- " i^ ;t, sli-iiiless 

 plant with smaller lvs. tiian tlioso of .S. .\In.-iiii and very long 

 and slender stalks." Keasoner adds that the lvs. are glaucous 

 green. — .9. princeps, Hort., according to Nehrling, "is very 

 similar to S. umbraculifera. — .S'. Uresdna, Trelease. Trunk 

 15 or 35 It. high and upwards of 1 ft. in iliam,: lvs. glabrous, 



very glaucous: petiole stout, concavn. ,r imi.h mm .!, .diout 



40 in. long, nearly 1 in. wide and niMi ' ■ r M.ide 



.about 40 in. long and wide, multifid, wii i m-. lured 



fibers from the sinuses, the center arm 1 1 . of a 



single developed carpel, depressed t:l"' i ■ i m vs in 



diam., edible, green, or when dry diiiMv M iMwh.'it 



glossy, the mesooarp then cottony: :;■ -ir.iw 



color, glossy within; seed polisln-ii, m Ktown, 



labyrinthiform-rugose, much deprcsv. m -^ , mm,, in 



the vicinity of Dres. Described and ti-,i ,, ,l ,„ -nl. ij i I'.iiil) of 

 Rept. Mo. Bot. G,ird. "Prom the two arlic.reoiis i.;Umpttos of 

 the United States, S. Ures.ana differs markedly in its pale, 

 very glaucous foliage, and in the size of its fruit, which is of 

 thrice the diameter of that of S. Palmetto, and usually a third 

 larger than in S. Mexicana, with the former of which species 



SACCOLABIUM 



it agrees in having imt one of the three carpels developed and 

 fertile, while in .S. Mexicana two or even all three are not in 

 frequently developed. Considering the extent to which this 

 section of Mexico has been visited by collectors of seeds it 

 would be remarkable if this attractive plant should not prove 

 to be already in cultivation in European gardens." Possibly 

 already in cult, in this country. ^ jvt 



SABBATIA (Liberatus Sabbati, Italian botanist of the 

 eighteenth century). GentianHcew . About 13 species of 

 Atlantic North American annuals or biennials with 

 showy rose-pink or white fls. in summer or autumn. 

 Fls. 5-12-merous, in cymes or terminating the branches; 

 calyx 5-12-eleft; corolla rotate, usually with a yellow 

 eye, the lobes convolute in the bud; filaments rather 

 short, filiform; anthers linear or elongate oblong, ar- 

 cuate, recurved or revolute; style 2-cleft or parted: 

 capsule globose or ovoid, thick-coriaceous or at first 

 fieshy: seeds small, numerous. 



Sabbatias require a light, sweet soil. Seed may be 

 sown in fall or early spring. The plants are easily 

 transplanted. 



A. J'ls. S-parted, rarely 6-7-parted. 

 B. Lvs. narrow -ohlanceolate to linear. 

 c. Color of fls. rose to white: lvs. obtuse. 



braohiata, Ell. Stem but slightly angled, 1-2 ft. 

 high: lvs. mostly obtuse, obscurely 3-nerved at the 

 base: fls. showy, light rose to white, 1-lK in. across, in 

 thyrsiform panicles, the lateral peduncles bearing usu- 

 ally 3-fld. cymes; calyx-lobes narrowly linear, shorter 

 or nearly equaling the corolla. May-Sept. Ind. to 

 N. C. and south. B.B. 2:609. 



cc. Color of fls. white, fading yMoicisli: lvs. acute. 



lanceoiata, Torr. & Gray. Stem simple, 1-3 ft. high: 

 lvs. about 1 in. long, shorter than internodes, acute, 

 3-5-nerved, the floral reduced to subulate bracts: fis. 

 about 1 in. across, white, fading yellowish; calyx-lobe 

 more than half the length of the corolla. May-Sept. 

 Wet pine barrens, N. J. to Fla. B.B. 2:609. 



BB. Lvs. wider, cordate-ovate, clasping. 



angTiliris, Pursh. Stem sharply angled, lK-2 ft. 

 high: lvs. 3-5-nerved: fls. fragrant, showy, light rose 

 to white, 1-2 in. across, in much-branched pyramidal or 

 somewhat corymbose cymes; calyx-lobes linear, much 

 shorter than the corolla. Rich, light soil in open fields. 

 W. Canada to Fla. B.B. 2:610. 



AA. Fls. S-12-parted. 



chloroldes, Pursh. Stem truly biennial, 1-2 ft. high, 

 often decumbent, loosely and sparingly branched above: 

 lvs. oblong-lanceolate or the lower oblong-spatulate: 

 fls. rose-purple, occasionally white, 2 in. across, showy, 

 solitary on naked, somewhat paniculate peduncles; 

 calyx-lobes subulate-linear, about half the length of the 

 spatulate-obovate lobes of the corolla. Margins of pine 

 barren swamps along the coast. Mass., Fla. B.B. 2:612. 

 F. W. Barclay. 



SACCHABUU [saccharon, old Greek name for sugar). 

 Gramlnece. Species 12, in tropical regions, mostly of 

 the Old World. Tall grasses with stout culm and ample 

 panicles, the branches of which are many-.iointed; the 

 small, slender spikelets 1-fld., surrounded by long silky 

 hairs. Differs from' Erianthus in having the spikelets 

 awnless. The most important species is the Sugar Cane, 

 which is extensively cultivated in tropical and subtropi- 

 cal countries for the production of sugar. Propagated 

 by cuttings of the stem. Native country unknown, but 

 probably east Asia. Cultivated from time- immemorial, 

 for which reason many varieties have lost the power to 

 produce bloom or at least to produce fertile seed. Rum 

 is produced from the fermented molasses. 



oJficinamm, Linn. Sugar Cane. Stem 8-20 ft. high, 

 1-2 in. thick, third empty glume wanting. 



A. S. Hitchcock. 



SACCOLABIUM (name referring to the saccate label- 

 luni). Orchidi)ceie. Epiphytic herbs with erect leafy 

 stems increasing in length by continued growth at the 

 apex: lvs. distichous, leathery and fleshy, usually chan- 

 neled; ip-florescence lateral, in the cultivated species a 

 long, densely-fld. cylindrical raceme: fls. medium or 



