SMIIjAX 



BB. stem uoodtj. 

 C. Foliage evergreen. 

 lauiUdlia, Linn. Stem stout, high-climbing, armed 

 with straight pricliles: branches angled, mostly un- 

 armed : Ivs. leathery elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 3- 

 nerved : umbels 6-30-fld., on short, stout peduncles: 

 berries black, oroid. N. J., south and west to Ark. 



CC. Foliage deciduous. 

 WAlteri, Pursh. Stem climbmg, angled, prickly be" 

 low: branches unarmed Ivs ovate to ovate-lanceolate 

 obtuse or abruptly acute, 5-7 nerved: umbels 6-15-fld.. 

 on short peduncles: hemes coral-red or rarely white. 

 Wet soil, N. J. to Fla. west to Mississippi river. B.B. 

 1:^-1-- F. W. Barclay. 



SMOKE TREE. Fhus Cotinus. 



SMUT. A prevalent disease of many cultivated cereal 

 grasses and other plants caused by the attack of a 

 fungus of the class ustilagineae, sometimes producing 

 swellings on various parts of the host, the swellings 

 being eventually filled with brownish or blackish spores 

 known as chlamydospores, which emerge, as a fine dust- 

 like powder, when the outer membrane of the hyper- 

 trophic tissues bursts or cracks. The smut on Indian 

 corn may be taken as typical. The disease usually ap- 

 pears first on the leaves, afterwards at the junction of 

 leaf-sheath and blade; finally the ear of corn is attacked, 

 and the tassel. On the leaves blisters are found; on 

 the ear, large, whitish polished swellings appear. As 

 the spores mature, the swellings become darker in 

 color, and the inclosing membrane finally ruptures, ex- 

 posing the dark olive-green mass of spores. Unlike 

 most other cereals, maize can be inoculated at any age. 

 Several smuts have been described; viz., loose smut 

 of oats (Ustilago avenm), maize and teosinte smut 

 ( Ustilago ze(t), stinking smut of wheat { Tilletia tritici\. 

 rye smut {Urocystis occulta), onion smut ([7rocy.^tis 

 cepiilct), and colchicum smut \Uroeystis colcliici). For 

 an account of the grain smuts, see Swingle, Farmers' 

 Bull. 75, V. S. Dept. Agrie. jqhn W. Harshberger. 



SHAILS. See Caterpillars and Woi-ms. 



SOBKALIA 1673 



SNAKE CUCUMBEE. A form of Cttciimis Melo. 

 SNAKE 60TJBD. See TrichosantJies. 

 SNAKEHEAD. Cheloiie. 



SNAKEKOOT. Black S. Cimicifuga racemosa and 



Suiiii-iil.i Mar, I, III, lift. Button S. Liatris. Canadi^ 

 S. is .l.s'.(r»/,i. Seneca S. J>„liigala Senega. White S. 

 Eup,,t„rin,„ ,i,jerat,r,iidfs. 



SNAKE'S BEABD. Ophiopogon. Snake's Head Iris. 

 Hermodactylus. Snake's Head Lily, Fritilliiria 

 Meleagris. 



SNAKE'S MOUTH. /'o,,„„,„. 



SNAKE'S TONGUE. Oj,lii,-i,jhi.i.-^iim. 



SNAPDRAGON is A iith-rhiniim. 



SNEEZE WEED. Heleniiim. 



SNEEZEWOOD. See Ptirroj-yUn. 



SNEEZEWORT is AehiUea. 



SNOWBALL TREE. Viburnum Opulus. 



SNOWBERRY. 



Chi, 



and Chiogenes; 



SNOWDROP. See Galanthus. 

 SNOWDROP TREE. Halesia. 

 SNOWFLAKE. Leucojum. 

 SNOW FLOWER. Chionanthus. 

 SNOW GLORY. Chionodoxa. 

 SNOW-ON-THE-MOUNTAIN, Euphorbi, 



SNOW PEAR. Pyrus nivalis. 

 SNOW TREE. Pyrus nivalis. 

 SNOW WREATH. Ifeviusia Alabamensis. 

 SOAP BARK TREE. Quillaja Saponaria. 

 SOAP BERRY. Sapindtts. 

 SOAP BULB, Chlorogalum. 

 SOAP-PLANT. See Chlorogalum. 

 SOAPWORT. Saponaria officinalis. 



SOBOLfiWSKIA (after G. Sobolewski, Russian beta 

 nist). Crucifene. About 2 species of Asiatic annual or 

 biennial, erect, branching herbs, with long-petioled 

 roundish, coarsely serrate leaves and white flowers 

 borne in numerous corymb-like racemes: silique cla 

 vate, compressed or nearly terete, curved, coriaceous 

 inflated at the apex, 1-celle'd, 1-seeded. 



clavfi.ta, Fenzl. Basal Ivs. reniform-cordate, the up 

 per nearly sessile: silique 2% lines long by IH lines 

 wide. May. -Offered by John Saul in 1893. 



F. W. Barclay. 



SOBBALIA (after Fr. Mart. Sobral. a Spanish bota- 

 nist). Orchiddcew. This is a genus of extremely hand- 

 some orchids with a very distinct habit. The plants 

 have slender, reed-like stems clothed with leaves 

 throughout their entire length. The stems are tufted, 

 forming bushy plants varying in height according to 

 the species. "The flowers are among the largest of the 

 orchids, those of S. macrautha attaining a diameter of 

 9 in. across the sepals. They are, however, very fuga- 

 cious, fading a few days after opening. Lvs. with 

 sheathing bases, plicate-venose: fls. membranaceous, 

 few, in short, terminal racemes, or solitary; sepals and 

 petals spreading : labellum convolute around the column, 

 terminal portion large, undulate, often fimbriate, smooth 



