SPRAYING 



valves, wall ami piston; (3) easily operated found in 

 a pump with long handle, large air chamber and 

 smoothly finished working parts ; 1 4) compactness se 

 cured by placing the cylinder so that it is inclosed by 

 the tank, preventing top-heaviness and facilitating the 

 movement of the pump in the orchard A barrel or 

 tank pump should be strong enough to feed two leads 

 of hose and throw a good spray from four nozzles 

 Nearly all spray mixtures require occasional stirrings 

 to prevent settling and insure uniformity An agitator 

 is a necessary part of the pump's equipment 



Special Devices. — One of these is for the making and 

 applying mechanically emulsified defanite proportions 

 of water and kerosene. The liquids are pUced in two 

 separate vessels, each of which is supplied with a 

 pump. The apparatus has a gauge attached wliRh 

 enables the operator to set it for 5, 10, 15 or Jll j ei i_ent 

 of kerosene, as the case may be. As the kei ( iie in 1 

 water are forced through the pump and ii //I th \ 

 are thoroughly emulsified. This type of pum| i i r \ t 

 perfected, but marks a distinct step m adv ii i 1 t 11 

 an important place in the treatment of st il m 1 tl i 

 sucking insects. For special devices, consult exi 1 1 

 ment station bulletins. 



iVb22ies. — The nozzles of twelve or hfteen vears 

 were crude affairs when compared with those no« i 

 use. They usually discharged the liquid m a solid stre in 

 or a coarse spray formed by passing through a sieve Iikt 

 diaphragm. These are now obsolete Se\cril types of 

 nozzles are on the market. They ill ami at econoiu\ 

 and efificieucy. A nozzle producing a tine iiiistv spra\ 

 (much to be desired) uses a minimum amount i f liquid 

 but the spray cannot be projected effectively m re thin 

 six or seven feet from the nozzle. A coars< spi n l m 

 be thrown much farther, but drenches i ither than 

 sprays the tree and naturally uses a large quantitj of 

 liquid. For small trees and bush fruits the Vermorel 

 (Fig. 2380), or fine spray type, is best, while for old 

 orchards and park work, nozzles of the McGowan and 

 Bordeaux style (Fig. 2381) are tnost satisfactory. It is 

 now a common practice to attach two (or even more) 

 nozzles to one discharge (Pigs. 2380, 2381). 



biderable lime : 



of this, stock mixtar 



putty by weight in 3 g ill n 

 be measured so that the arf 

 Keep in a tight vessel and 

 fore using For most insf 



fill in 1 e apphed in 1 irge quintities with ut injury to 

 the fohage hence it is very useful against beetles and similar 

 insects that are hard to poison it also adheres to the foliage 

 a lone time 



NOEMAL OR 1 6 PEK CENT BOKDEAUX MISTTTBE 



( npper sulfate (blue vitriol) 6 pounds 



Qui klime (good stone lime) 4 pounds 



W iter dO gallons 



For peaches aud Japanese plums au extra amount of lime 



should be added, and more w: 



Sbc pounds of sulfate of copper dissolved in 50 gallons of 

 water, when applied at the proper time, will prevent the growth 

 of fungi. However, if applied in this form, 

 burn the foliage. Four pounds of quicklime ' 



gallons) should be 



lution will 

 neutralize the caustic action. When sulfate of copper 



FORMULAS. 

 ■ mixtures, excluding resin washes.) 

 PiEis Gkeen'. 



If this mixture is to be used upon fruit trees, 1 pound of 

 quicklime should be added. Repeated applications will injure 

 foliage of most trees unless the lime is used. P.aris green and 

 Bordeaux mixture can bp nppHf^tl tuiZHthcr witli i.ert'ect vufety. 



tthei 



ther 



The 



green loses its cau^i : ; i ! 



LOSDOX PUEPLK -I'i '- i-|.. .1 HI Ii;.- .' 



Paris green, but as it is more (mush,- It siiouK 

 two or three times its weight uf lime, ur \vi 

 mixture. The composition of London purple 

 nnless good reasons exist fo ' " 



much arsenic as Paris green. 



! latter i 



and lime are added in this proportion, the compound is Bor- 

 deaux mixture. Potatoes demand full strength. Diluted Bor- 

 deaux mixture is effective against certain mildews and fruit 

 diseases. 



Weighing of copper and lime at time cf mixing is very inconve- 

 nient. Bordeaux mixture is best when used within a few hours 

 after being mixed. Therefore a stock mixture of Bordeaux is 

 impracticable. It is. however, practicable to have stock prepa- 

 rations of sulfate of copper and of lime ready for mixing when 



Tlie lime should be '* slaked" in a barrel or box with sufficient 



\. i^ I t, , yirevent burning, but not enough to smother. Impor- 



' 'I \\ ii. It sLaked must always be covered with water to ex- 



iir. In this manner lime can be kept all 



,'iii of water will hold in solution, all summer, 

 . Mt copper sulfate. To accomplish this the sulf.ate 

 ■ suspended at the surface of the water in a bag. The 

 "St loaded with copperwill sink to the bottom, and the 

 .1-1 ln.ided will rise to the surface. If 50 pounds of sul- 

 suspended in 25 gallons of water on an evening, each 



